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Physical Science > Semester 2 Turley > Flashcards

Semester 2 Turley Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

Speed is the rate of change in _____.

A

distance

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2
Q

To describe velocity you need to know _______.

A

speed and direction

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3
Q

Acceleration involves a change in ____

A

speed and direction

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4
Q

Inertia ____

A

resists a change in motion of an object

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5
Q

Momentum is a measure of _______

A

how hard it is to stop an object

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6
Q

Forces that are equal in size but opposite in direction are

A

balanced forces

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7
Q

Newton’s first law of motion states that an object remains at rest unless a ____ force acts on it.

A

net

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8
Q

Whenever a body is in motion, there is always ___ to oppose the motion.

A

friction

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9
Q

The relationship among force, mass and acceleration is stated in _______.

A

Newton’s second law

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10
Q

The statement “for every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction “ is a statement of

A

Newton’s third law

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11
Q

When a rubber band is stretched, it has ____ energy.

A

potential

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12
Q

A blimp around over the Super Bowl has ____ energy.

A

kinetic and potential

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13
Q

A green plant has ____ energy

A

chemical

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14
Q

In every energy transformation, some energy is always “lost” as ___

A

thermal energy

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15
Q

A slanted surface used to raise an object is a(n) ___

A

inclined plane

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16
Q

A device that does work with only one movement and changes the size or direction of a force is a(n)

A

screw

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17
Q

A bar that is free to pivot about a fixed point is a ___

A

lever

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18
Q

The rate at which works is done is called

A

power

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19
Q

The amount of which by which a machine multiplies an input force is called the

A

mechanical efficiency

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20
Q

When two or more simple machines work together, they are called a(n)

A

compound machine

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21
Q

Three of the following simple machines are basically the same. The one that does not belong with the group is ____

  • lever
  • pulley
  • wedge
  • wheel and axle
A

wedge

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22
Q

Temperature is a measure of ____ of the particles in an object

A

the average kinetic energy

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23
Q

The thermal energy of an object is

A

its kinetic energy plus its potential energy

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24
Q

Heat is thermal energy transferred from one object to another because of a difference in

A

temperature

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25
Fast food restaurants keep food hot with infrared lamps. The heat is transferred to the food by
radiation
26
When a pot of water is put on a stove, the water at the top gets hot primarily by
convection
27
Water makes a good coolant because it has a
high specific heat
28
Which of the following is not an example of a mechanical wave? - sound wave - water wave - earthquake wave - radio wave
radio wave
29
Which of the following is not an example of an electromagnetic wave? - sound wave - x-rays - red light - gamma rays
sound wave
30
Which one of the following is not an example of a compressional wave? - wave moving through a coiled spring - sound traveling through the air - sound traveling through water - green light traveling through the air
green light traveling through the air
31
Tsunamis have a large amount of energy because of their large
amplitude
32
A place where molecules are far apart is a
rarefaction
33
When light bounces off a surface it is called
reflection
34
In which one of the following cases will refraction occur? - light traveling from air to glass - light reflecting off of a mirror - light bending around the corner of a door - green light inferfering with blue light.
light traveling from air to glass
35
Constructive interference occurs when waves meet ____.
crest-to-crest
36
The number of waves that pass a certain point in one second is the wave's
frequency
37
A wave transfers
energy
38
Vibrating charged particles make ___ fields
magnetic and radio
39
Electromagnetic waves ___
carry radiant energy
40
A sound travels fastest in a
solid
41
When you speak, your words are transferred to a friend by
molecules colliding
42
The material in which a wave travels is called
a medium
43
If an object looks blue, it reflects ____ waves
blue
44
Normally, atoms are electrically neutral because they are
equal numbers of protons and electrons
45
The build up of electric charges on an object is called a
static charge
46
A material through which electrons do not readily flow is a
insulator
47
Two object will attract one another when they have
opposite charges
48
Once example of a good conductor is
copper
49
An electric field gets stronger as you
get closer to the charge
50
The steady flow of electrons through a conductor is an
electric current
51
A battery is not used in
a microwave
52
Copper is used in a household wiring because
is has a low resistance
53
Which of the following gas the least resistance? - a short, thick, metal wire - a long, narrow metal wire - wood - plastic
a short, think, metal wire
54
when the resistance in an electrical circuit increases, the current flowing in the circuit
decreases
55
Resistance is measured in a unit called the
ohm
56
A path created for a current that allows only one route for the current is called a
series circuit
57
Which of the following is a device designed to open an overloaded circuit and prevent overheating? - circuit breaker - conductor - resistor - insulator
circuit breaker
58
Electric companies usually sell electrical energy in units of
kilowatt-hour
59
A circuit that has two or more separate paths for electrons to flow is a
parallel circuit
60
The south pole of a magnet attracts
the north pole
61
When you break an iron magnet into two pieces, you get
two north poles and two south poles
62
The region around a magnet where the magnetic forces act is the
magnetic field.
63
Atoms become magnets when their ____ are properly arranged
protons
64
A current carrying a wire wrapped around an iron ore is called
electromagnet
65
current that does not reverse direction is called
direct current
66
a current that does reverse direction in a regular pattern is called a
alternating current
67
If the frequency of waves produced by a vibrating object increases, how does the wavelength of the waves produced change?
decreases
68
What is equal to the angle of reflection?
angle of incidence
69
The SI unit of force, named for scientist who described the relationship between motion and force is called
newton
70
A tug of war that results in one team pulling the other across the line is an example of an
unbalanced force
71
A ____ is a grooved wheel with a rope, chain, or cable running along the groove.
pulley
72
Energy cannot be created or destroyed is the law of
conservation of energy
73
What is the answer to #77?
B
74
What is the answer to #78?
B
75
What is the anwser to #79?
B
76
What is the answer to #82?
B
77
what is the answer to #80?
B
78
Do sound waves travel fastest in metal pipes?
yes
79
Can an ultrasound be used in detecting cancer?
no
80
Be able to label a wave
page 580-581
81
What if refraction?
the bending of a wave that passes from one medium to another at an angle
82
resonance
when an object vibrating at or near the resonant frequency of a second object causes the second object to vibrate
83
momentum
mass x velocity
84
Newton's First Law of Motion
an object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion and in a straight line unless acted on an unbalanced force
85
Newton's Second Law of motion
Acceleration depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied mass x forces
86
Newton's Third Law of Motion
whenever an object exerts a force on a second object, the 2nd object exerts the same amount of force as the first
87
What are mechanical waves?
sound, earthquake, water
88
What is the rate of free fall?
9.8 meters squared
89
Where do electromagnetic waves travel?
space
90
What is constructive interference?
when the crest of one wave overlaps the crest of another wave or waves
91
amplitude
the maximum distance that particles of their wave's medium vibrates from their rest position
92
Fixed pulleys have a mechanical advantage of what?
1
93
Movable pulleys have a mechanical advantage of
2
94
Block and tackle pulleys have the mechanical advantage of
4
95
In refraction, molecules are
far apart
96
what is mechanical advantage?
the ratio of the force produced by a machine to the force applied to it, used in assessing the performance of a machine.
97
diffraction
the bending of waves around a barrier or through an opening
98
interference
two or more waves overlapping that result in one wave
99
How are colors determined?
by wavelength and frequency
100
formula for efficiency
work output dived by work input times 100

Physical Science (3 decks)

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