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AP PHYSICS > semester 2 final > Flashcards

semester 2 final Flashcards

1
Q

Kinetic energy equation

A

KE = 1/2mv^2

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2
Q

Potential gravitational energy equation

A

GPE = mgh

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3
Q

elastic energy equation

A

Eel = 1/2kx^2

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4
Q

what is work

A

a force applied over a distance

-the force has to be in the same direction of motion

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5
Q

what is power

A

work divided by time

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6
Q

what is the difference between work and power

A

work is force applied and power is force applied over time

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7
Q

define momentum

A

when you’re moving, momentum keeps you moving
object w a lot of momentum is hard to stop
-p=mv

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8
Q

define inertia

A

Fnet x t

I = F/t

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9
Q

what is impulse

A

the change in momentum

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10
Q

what is the law of conservation of momentum

A

the total momentum before a collision = the total momentum after a collision

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11
Q

what’s an elastic collision

A

colliding objects bounce off of one another

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12
Q

what’s an inelastic collision

A

colliding objects stick together

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13
Q

the area underneath a force vs time graph tells you what

A

Impulse or change in momentum

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14
Q

describe charging by conduction

A

charging a neutral object without touching it

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15
Q

describe charging by induction

A

taking a charged object and transferring that energy to uncharged objects, making the charges in the uncharged spheres separate

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16
Q

______ charges attract

A

opposite

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17
Q

_______ charges repel

A

like

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18
Q

what is electron affinity

A

the change in energy of a neutral atom when an electron is added

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19
Q

Charge of 1 electron

A

1 electron = -1.6 x 10^-19 C

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20
Q

what is Ohm’s law

A

V = IR

  • v = voltage
  • I= current
  • r = resistors
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21
Q

define voltage

A

volts produce electric field to cause current to flow

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22
Q

define current

A

amount of charge that passes a spot in a given amount of time

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23
Q

define resistors

A

the only component in a circuit that reduces the amount of current that passes through that part of the circuit

24
Q

what factors do affect the speed of mechanical waves

A

The medium

25
Q

what factors don’t affect the speed of mechanical waves

A

Amplitude, wavelength, frequency, etc

26
Q

describe the Doppler effect

A

the effect produced by a moving source of waves in which there is an apparent upward shift in frequency for observers towards whom the source is approaching and an apparent downward shift in frequency for observers from whom the source is receding

27
Q

what is the wave equation

A

Frequency x wavelength

28
Q

describe rotational inertia

A

resistance to change in rotating motion

29
Q

what factors affect rotational inertia

A
  • mass
  • distribution of mass
  • the farther the mass is located from the axis of rotation, the higher the rotational inertia*
30
Q

what is angular momentum

A

L= Iw

L- angular momentum
I- rotational inertia
w- angular velocity

31
Q

what is rotational speed

A

number of rotations in a certain amount of time

  • aka frequency
  • measured in RPM(revolutions per minute) or Hertz(revolutions per second)
32
Q

what is a centripetal force

A

pulls together

33
Q

what is a centrifugal force

A

pushes apart

34
Q

define tangential velocity

A

V= 2pi(r)/time

35
Q

law of universal gravitation

A

Fg = Gm1m2/r^2

36
Q

cosF x D

A

work

37
Q

work is measured in _____

A

Joules

38
Q

power is measured in

A

joules/second

-aka a watt

39
Q

to change momentum must apply ________

A

a net force

40
Q

coefficient of restitution

A

measures elasticity of material

  • 1 is perfectly elastic
  • 0 is perfectly inelastic
41
Q

6.25 x 10^18 e-

A

1 coulomb

42
Q

F = k(q1q2)/r^2

A

coulomb’s law

43
Q

I = change in Coulomb’s/change in time

A

current

44
Q

Coulomb’s/second

A

amp

45
Q

to produce electricity you need what?

A

a closed loop/circuit

46
Q

things ____ about its internal axis

A

rotate

47
Q

things _____ about an external axis

A

revolve

48
Q

tangential speed

A

speed of something as it moves along a circular path

49
Q

T= 1/f

A

period

50
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

K= change in F/change in X

51
Q

velocity in SHM

A
  • positive to the right and negative to the left
  • zero at the end points
  • max at midpoint in either direction
52
Q

acceleration in SHM

A
  • positive when x is negative
  • negative when x positive
  • zero at the center
  • max at the endpoints
53
Q

period and frequency are ___________ related

A

inversely

54
Q

To change the momentum of an object you must change either the ______or________

A

Mass or velocity

55
Q

Ac= v^2/r

A

Centripetal acceleration

56
Q

Fc= mv^2/r

A

Centripetal force

AP PHYSICS (2 decks)

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