Semester 2 Study Set

Question 1

The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis

Answer 1

6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 2

The word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide + water -> Glucose + oxygen

Question 3

Energy in ATP is released when a ______ group is removed

Answer 3

Phosphate

Question 4

Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place?

Answer 4

Thylakoid membrane

Question 5

Why do plants appear green?

Answer 5

Chlorophyll reflects the green light

Question 6

NADP+ in photosynthesis is an _____ carrier

Answer 6

Electron

Question 7

How are electrons for the light-dependent reactions obtained?

Answer 7

By splitting water molecules

Question 8

The order of the processes in cellular respiration

Answer 8

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport

Question 9

What does the Krebs cycle need to occur?

Answer 9

Oxygen

Question 10

Where does electron transport take place in eukaryotes?

Answer 10

The inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 11

What causes air bubbles and spongy texture in bread?

Answer 11

Alcoholic fermentation

Question 12

When is DNA replicated (during the cell cycle)?

Answer 12

The S-phase

Question 13

What is one advantage of sexual reproduction, compared to asexual reproduction?

Answer 13

Genetic diversity

Question 14

How many chromosomes will the two daughter cells get during normal mitotic division?

Answer 14

4

Question 15

The order of the 4 phases of mitosis

Answer 15

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 16

When a cell divides, its surface area/volume ratio _______

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

Alleles

Answer 17

The different forms of a gene

Question 18

At the end of meiosis, how many cells are there? Are they genetically identical or different?

Answer 18

4 genetically different cells

Question 19

Where is DNA found in eukaryotes?

Answer 19

The nucleus

Question 20

What molecule stores information in the cell?

Answer 20

DNA

Question 21

What scientist took X-ray diffraction pictures of DNA?

Answer 21

Rosalind Franklin

Question 22

Is DNA double-stranded or single-stranded?

Answer 22

Double-stranded

Question 23

Do the helices run parallel or anti-parallel to each other?

Answer 23

Anti-parallel

Question 24

A binds to ___

Answer 24

T

Question 25

C binds to ___

Answer 25

G

Question 26

What enzyme joins nucleotides together to synthesize a new complimentary strand of DNA?

Answer 26

DNA polymerase

Question 27

The 3 differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 27

1. RNA is single-stranded, and DNA is double-stranded 2. RNA uses the sugar ribose, and DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose 3. RNA uses the base Uracil, and DNA uses the base Thymine

Question 28

How many nucleotides are needed to code for 1 amino acid?

Answer 28

3

Question 29

Transcription

Answer 29

The process by which mRNA is made from DNA

Question 30

What is the complimentary mRNA sequence to the DNA sequence CATATG?

Answer 30

GUAUAC

Question 31

The central dogma of molecular biology

Answer 31

DNA -> RNA -> Proteins

Question 32

Translation

Answer 32

The process by which RNA is used to produce proteins

Question 33

During translation, the ______ on the tRNA is complimentary to the codon on the mRNA

Answer 33

Anticodon

Question 34

What is the relationship between codons and anticodons?

Answer 34

- Complimentary - The anticodon on the tRNA brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome to produce the polypeptide chain

Question 35

mRNA

Answer 35

Copies the DNA's genetic code and carries the information to other parts of the cell

Question 36

rRNA

Answer 36

Make up ribosomes, which help assemble proteins

Question 37

tRNA

Answer 37

Transfers amino acids to the ribosome where proteins are assembled

Question 38

Fitness

Answer 38

The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

Question 39

Natural selection

Answer 39

The process by which evolution occurs

Question 40

Derived characteristics

Answer 40

A trait that arises in an ancestor and is passed on to its descendants

Question 41

What can similar DNA sequences in genes be evidence of?

Answer 41

A common ancestor

Question 42

What do each node of a cladogram represent?

Answer 42

Where two groups share a common ancestor

Question 43

Homologous structures

Answer 43

Similar structures in different organisms

Question 44

Analogous structures

Answer 44

Similar structures that evolved from different ancestors

Question 45

Vestigial structures

Answer 45

Structure that doesn’t have any use to the current organism

Question 46

What domain are protista, animalia, plantae, and fungi in? What does this make them?

Answer 46

- Eukarya (kingdom) - Eukaryotes

Question 47

King Philip Came Over For Good Soup

Answer 47

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Question 48

Directional selection

Answer 48

When one end of the curve is favored

Question 49

Stabilizing selection

Answer 49

When the middle of the curve is favored

Question 50

Disruptive selection

Answer 50

When both ends of a curve are selected