Semester One Final (Science)

Question 1

A lava flow that travels down a forested mountainside, felling and burning the trees

Answer 1

Disturbance

Question 2

A positive species interaction must be good for who?

Answer 2

At least one of the species involved

Question 3

The building of roads most immediately results in what?

Answer 3

Habitat fragmentation

Question 4

Which sub field of ecology is most related to the management of Earth’s natural resources?

Answer 4

Ecosystem ecology

Question 5

Which biome has large amounts of precipitation, a stable yearlong climate, and high biodiversity?

Answer 5

Tropical rainforests

Question 6

Which entity is the biggest driving force of energy-dependent processes in Earth’s ecosystems?

Answer 6

The sun

Question 7

True or false? “The set of alleles that cause a particular jaguar to have pure black fur” is an example of a genotype

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Which field of study incorporates subjects as disparate as geology and philosophy?

Answer 8

Environmental studies

Question 9

What is an estuary?

Answer 9

Where a river enters an ocean

Question 10

What is an example of the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 10

A snake eats an entire rat, but gains energy and grows

Question 11

Which term refers to the levels of biomass an ecosystem generates?

Answer 11

Production

Question 12

Which hypothesis states that the larger a region is, the greater biodiversity it should have?

Answer 12

The geographic area hypothesis

Question 13

What is permafrost?

Answer 13

A layer of soil under the surface of a tundra that remains perpetually frozen

Question 14

Which term describes the process during which organisms break down organic matter into simple nutrients?

Answer 14

Decomposition

Question 15

True or false? “The polar regions of the planet have lower biodiversity than the equatorial regions”

Answer 15

True

Question 16

How does nitrogen enter cycles in terrestrial ecosystems?

Answer 16

Bacteria fix nitrogen so plants can use it

Question 17

What is one example of a primary producer?

Answer 17

A tulip

Question 18

True or false? “Ecological ecosystems are made up of only one species”

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What would most likely happen to a lion population in response to an increase of the size of a population of antelope on which it preys?

Answer 19

The lion population would increase in size

Question 20

What is an example of a biotic invasion?

Answer 20

A species enters a region to which it is not indigenous

Question 21

Which term describes a series of ecosystem patches?

Answer 21

A landscape

Question 22

How are humans most influencing climate change?

Answer 22

They are producing greenhouse gases

Question 23

True or false? “Climate change is becoming an urgent problem that we cannot ignore”

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Dead organic matter that collects on the soil surface is called what?

Answer 24

Litter

Question 25

What does ecological succession describe?

Answer 25

The way in which species populate a new region in stages

Question 26

Which term describes an ecological relationship in which one species eats part of its host?

Answer 26

Parasitism

Question 27

Which ecological term represents the rareness or commonness of a species in a community?

Answer 27

Eveness

Question 28

When a community runs out of steps in the process of succession, it becomes a what?

Answer 28

Climax community

Question 29

To which concept does the phrase "think globally, act locally" most refer?

Answer 29

Sustainability

Question 30

India's population is currently following which type of growth pattern?

Answer 30

An exponential growth pattern

Question 31

What is an interspecies relationship of mutualism?

Answer 31

A relationship that helps both species

Question 32

True or false? "A heterotroph consumes other organic material"

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What is the size of the population of dingoes?

Answer 33

It has 34 members

Question 34

Which term describes an organism that uses energy from sunlight to make organic compounds?

Answer 34

Autotroph

Question 35

What is true of ecological edge effects?

Answer 35

Edges contain species that belong to more than one ecosystem

Question 36

What is one characteristic of the O horizon of soil?

Answer 36

It contains dead plant matter

Question 37

What is the highest level of ecological organization?

Answer 37

Biosphere

Question 38

Humans reached a population of one billion soon after which event?

Answer 38

The Industrial Revolution

Question 39

What term refers to the first species that settles in an area following a disturbance?

Answer 39

Pioneer species

Question 40

Which term refers to a region with high biodiversity that humans are threatening?

Answer 40

A biodiversity hotspot

Question 41

Why does primary production decrease with depth in aquatic ecosystems?

Answer 41

The amount of light decreases with depth

Question 42

What is a top predator?

Answer 42

An animal that has prey but no animals prey on it

Question 43

How does proximity to the coast affect a region's climate?

Answer 43

Being closer to the coast results in a more stable climate

Question 44

What purpose does the scientific method serve for ecology?

Answer 44

It helps provide explanations for phenomena

Question 45

Which term describes a situation in which humans hunt local buffalo until there are almost none left?

Answer 45

Overkill

Question 46

True or false? "A worm breaks down pieces of soil" is a biotic interaction

Answer 46

False

Question 47

Which characteristic of seawater has caused both plants and animals living near the ocean to develop special glands?

Answer 47

It's salinity

Question 48

Which land features characteristics a landscape that has coarse grain?

Answer 48

It is made up of relatively large ecosystem patches

Question 49

Which term describes the ecological phenomenon in which cool water from a deep ocean rises to the surface, replenishing it with nutrients?

Answer 49

Upwelling

Question 50

The hypothesis that states that biodiversity occurs more in areas in which speciation occurs faster is called the what?

Answer 50

Evolutionary speed hypothesis