Semi finals exams Flashcards
lesson 6 to 10 (127 cards)
1
Q
___________ is the product of economic interaction, not political planning
A
Asian regionalism
2
Q
As a result id successful, outward orientes growth strategies, ________ economies have grown not only richer, but also closer together.
A
Asin
3
Q
In recent years, new technological trend have further strengthened ties among them as the rise of the ______ and______ and the region’s growing weight in the global economy
A
PRC
India
4
Q
But _______ also played a role
A
adversity
5
Q
The ________ dealt a severe setback to much of the region, highlighting Asia’s shared interests and common vulnerabilities and providing an impetus for regional cooperation
A
1997/98 financial crisis
6
Q
The 1997-1998 crisis taught _________ that ________ is key to overcoming problems.
A
Asia
Unity
7
Q
The Japanese economist__________ famously compared this pattern of development to flying geese.
A
Akamatsu
8
Q
In this model, economies moved in formation not because they were directly linked to each other, but because they followed similar paths. Since these development paths hinged on sequential-and sometimes competing-ties to markets outside the region, they did not initially yield strong economic links within Asia itself.
A
Flying geese
9
Q
____________ is at the center of the development of such production networks because it has efficient transport and communication links, as well as policies geared to supporting trade.
A
Asia
10
Q
As these new production patterns tie Asian economies closer together, they also boost the ________ of the region’s firms.
A
international compertitiveness
11
Q
Against this background, the financial crisis that swept through Asia in 1997/98-in this chapter, referred to simply as “_____ “-put the region’s interdependence into harsh new focus
A
the crisis
12
Q
Emerging Asian economies that had opened up their financial markets-____________ , Republic of the _______________, the___________, and ___________ -were worst hit, but nearly all Asian economies were eventually affected.
A
Indonesia
Korea
Philippines
Thailand
13
Q
According to ________ and Helen V. Milner, state that economic and political definitions of regions vary, but there are certain basic features that everyone can agree on.
A
Edward D. Mansfield
14
Q
A group of countries located in the same geographically specified area
A
Regions
15
Q
an amalgamation of two regions(or) a combination of more than two regions
A
Regions
16
Q
organized to regulate and “ oversee flows and policy choices”
A
Regions
17
Q
regional contraction os economic flows
A
RegionaliZation
18
Q
A political process charaterized by economic policy cooperation and coordination among countries
A
Regionalism
19
Q
Difference between regionalization and regionalism
A
Regionalization happens naturally when countries trade and do business together
Regionalism is when governments make official rules or agreements to work together.
20
Q
Exmaples between regionalization and refionalism
A
Regionalization Japanese car companies use parts from different Asian countries
Regionalism ASEAN creates trade deals to help member countries grow together.
21
Q
Countries for regional association for several reasons. One is for__________
A
military defense
22
Q
the mose widely known defense grouping is the ______ formed during the Cold War when several Western European countries plus the United States agreed to protect Europe against the threat of the Soviet Union
A
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
23
Q
The organization of the _____ was established in 1960 by Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela to regulate the production and sale of oil.
A
Petroleim Exporting Countries (OPEC)
24
Q
The presidents of Egypt, Ghana, India, Indonesia, and Yugoslavia created the in ___________1961 to pursue world peace and international cooperation, human rights, national sovereignty, racial and national equality, nonintervention, and peaceful conflict resolution.
A
Non-aligned Movement (NAM)
25
The crisis made ______ more" unified and coordinate"
ASEAN
26
Lesson 2
READY!
27
__________also engage in regional organizing
Communities
28
This “new” regionalism varies in form; they can be “_______associations that include no more than a few actor and focus on a single issue, or _______ continental unions that address a multitude of common problems from territorial defense to food security
tiny
huge
29
Organizations representing this “________” likewise rely on the ______ of individuals, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and associations to link up with one another in a pursuit to a particular goal (or goals)
new regionalism
power
30
"__________” is identified with reformists who share the same “values, norms, institutions, and system that exist outside of the traditional, established mainstream institutions and systems”
new regionalism
31
. Some organization partner with ______ to initiate social change.
governments
32
Those who work with governments (“________) participate in “institutional mechanisms that afford some civil society groups voice and influence in technocratic policy-making processes.
Legitimizers
33
For example, the ______ issued its Human Rights Declaration in ________, but the_______left it to member countries to apply the declaration’s principles as they see fit.
ASEAN
2009
regional body
34
“________” organizations used this official declaration to pressure these governments to pass laws and regulations that protect and promote human rights.
new regionalism
35
In ________, _____ government support the Hemispheric Social Alliance’s opposition to the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
South America
left-wing
36
37
a group called the _______tries to influence the policies and programs of the Organization of American States.
Citizen Diplomacy Forum
38
In Southeast Asia, the organization of an ____________ was in part of the result of no-government organizations and civil society groups pushing to “prevent discrimination, uphold political freedom, and promote democracy and human rights throughout the regions.”
ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights
39
_______across Central and South America established the Rainforest Foundation to protect indigenous peoples and the rainforests in Brazil, Guyana, Panama, and Peru.
Activists
40
Young Christians across Asia, Africa, the Middle East, the Americas, and the Caribbean formed Regional Interfaith Youth Networks to promote “_______, resolution, peace education, and sustainable development”.
conflict prevention
41
The _________ in Asia is another regional network of NGOs and trade unions “committed to protect and promote the rights and welfare of migrant workers”
Migrant Forum
42
These organizations’ primary power lies in their _________ and their ability to combine lobbying with pressure politics.
moral standing
43
Meaning of NGO?
Non-governmental organizations
44
Unfortunately, most of them are _______, which places them at a disadvantage when dealing with their official counterparts who have large state funds.
poorly financed
45
Their impact in global politics is, therefore, ________
limited.
46
New regionalism differs significantly from traditional _________ regionalism when it comes to identifying problems
state-to-state
47
For examples, states treat poverty or environmental degradation as ______ or ________ that can be resolved by refining existing programs of state agencies, making minor changes in economic policies, and creating new offices that address these issues.
technical
economic issues
48
However, new regionalism advocates such as the _________ see these issues as reflections of ______and environmental models. By “flawed”, they mean economic development plans that are market-based, profit-driven, and hardly concerned with social welfare, especially among the poor.
NGO Global Forum
flawed economic development
49
Another challenge for new regionalists is the _______ that may emerge among them
discord
50
_________ and its ally, the _________, lobbied ASEAN governments to defend migrant labor rights.
Migrant Forum Asia
CARAM (Coordination of Action Research on AIDS )
51
Today, regionalism faces multiple challenges, the most serious of which is the resurgence of ________ and _______
militant nationalism
populism
52
The refusal to dismantle NATO after the collapse of the Soviet Union, for example has become the basis of the anti-NATO rhetoric of __________ in Russia.
Vlademir Putin
53
Perhaps the most crisis-ridden regional organization of today is the ________
European Union
54
The continuing financial crisis of the region is forcing countries like________ to consider leaving the Union to gain more flexibility in their economic policy.
Greece
55
Anti-immigrant sentiment and a populist campaign against Europe have already led to the ________ voting to leave the_________ in a move to media has termed the “________”.
United Kingdom
European Union
Brexit
56
A final challenge pertains to differing ________ of what ________should be for.
visions
regionalism
57
Regionalism has responded to cultural globalization through an increase in ________ and the rise of ________
cultural identity
regionalist parties
58
There were two main reasons for this ineffectiveness: first, the existing mechanisms remained mostly to be ________ and could not generate necessary resources when needed. Second was a ________
regular dialogue forums
lack of confidence
59
lesson 3
READY!!
60
_________and _________ survive in the new millennium, despite studies that both predicted and predicted their collapse
Nations
nationalism
61
_________, which allows for the free flow of cash, goods, ideas, people, and technology, has a massive and obvious impact on every aspect of modern life.
Globalization
62
__________that produce new forms of migrants that do not respect national borders are facilitated by increasing interconnectedness across nation-states on physical, mental, and virtual levels.
Transnational networks
63
_________describes a process by which national and regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through the global network of trade, communication, immigration, and transportation.
Globalization
64
Due to the ____________and _________, domestic economies have become cohesive, leading to an improvement in their performances.
global economy
globalization
65
In the _______century, networks of economy, technology, politics and ecology have all engulfed the world.
21st
66
Today, with the worldwide_______ and the growing influence of multinational corporations, economic waves are freely flowing out, sometimes with _________.
trade liberalization
tidal force
67
________ is traveling instantaneously around the globe through various social media networks.
Information
68
__________ of information, technology and finance under globalization is turning out to be a remarkably progressive and liberating force, globally.
Rapid democratization
69
As this century embraces globalism, _________ and ________ of countries and peoples is happening instantly
interaction
integration
70
There are ___________ being made in policies and economic institutions all over the world that hold out the promise of making globalization work better.
multitudes of changes
71
One fundamental concern however, is the ____________ of globalism- the question being asked is whether worldwide liberalization of trade may provoke _____________.
environmental effects
environmental collapse
72
_________ and the __________between countries previously separated by trade barriers have stimulated a significant increase in transportation processes at all geographical levels.
Global trade
increasing interaction
73
This kind of worldwide trade has led to _________, more production and more consumption – all of which has generated more______, which is being threatened by increasing emissions from countries worldwide
higher incomes
waste
74
Thus, a demanding problem of globalization is ________, caused by the rise in __________
environmental decay
social consumption.
75
On the flip side, globalization is considered to be a ________ that has increased the levels of foreign direct investments, thereby making it easier for people to make long and short term investments
positive force
76
__________ play a significant role in improving the economies of developing countries and their environment as well
Multinational corporations
77
__________ has opened up the gates for new technologies and other innovations such as renewable sources of energy – solar power, hydroelectric power, wind power and clean coal – which are being made freely available.
Global trade
78
Both the ________ and the _________ have encouraged countries to lower trade barriers, along with using environmental friendly technologies.
World Bank
World Trade Organization (WTO)
79
Thus, as scholars like ________ and _______ have observed, economic growth is bad, as far as air and water pollution is concerned at the initial stages of industrialization, but in the later stages, it reduces pollution, as countries become rich enough to apply various advanced control technologies.
Stiglitz
Kuznets
80
__________also changes consumer demands for environmental quality.
Wealth creation
81
Once the ________ are met, they begin raising the bar by demanding even better avenues of amenities for themselves
basic needs
82
With globalism in effect, ________ in nations across the world have been enhanced with more efficient use of resources throughout the world.
civil liberties
83
Countries involved in free trade are generating _______
greater profits
84
Globalization is thus the emergence of a _________ of interconnectedness that entails that our lives are increasingly shaped by events that occur, and that decisions are made thousands of miles away.
complex web
85
The central feature of globalization is therefore that _______ are declining in importance and territorial boundaries are becoming less significant
geographical distances
86
. The world is essentially becoming a ‘__________
global village
87
In this context, globalization leads to ________, as social, economic and political diversities are destroyed in a world where we all watch the same TV shows, buy the same commodities and follow the same lifestyle; this is popularly termed as ‘_________’.
cultural homogenization
McDonaldization
88
However, we must not forget that ________ also refers to people becoming increasingly conscious of the growing manifestations of social interdependence and social interactions.
globalization
89
_________is driven by technology, transportation, and international cooperation
Globalization
90
Since ancient times, humans have sought ________ places to settle, produce, and exchange goods enabled by improvements in technology and transportation.
distant
91
_______ refers to integration between people, companies, and governments. Most noteworthy, this integration occurs on a global scale
globalization
92
In globalization it is the process of _______ the business all over the world
expanding
93
Last 4
READY!!
94
_______ in culture is often linked to cultural imperialism
Homogeneity
95
Homogeneity in culture is often linked to __________
cultural imperialism
96
This means a given culture influences other cultures
Homogeneity
97
In terms of the economy, there is recognition of the spread of ________, _________, and the ________ in the world
neoliberalism
capitalism
market economy
98
_________ are also products of homogeneity in economic globalization.
Global economic crises
99
The global flow of media is often characterized as ________
media imperialism
100
TV, music, books, and movies are perceived as imposed on ______ countries by the West
developing
101
_________ undermines the existence of alternative global media originating from developing countries, such as the Al Jazeera and the Bollywood, as well as the influence of the local and regional media
Media imperialism
102
The internet can be seen as an arena for _______ media.
alternative
103
________ remains proof of Japan’s continued influence over global culture. Global media are dominated by a small number of a large corporations
Hello Kitty
104
As McChesney put it, this is being “extended from ______ media to ______media” such as Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter, Google, and Apple’s iTunes.
old
new
105
It is the process by which Western societies are dominated by the principles of fast food restaurants
Mcdonalization
106
_______ involves the global spread of rational systems, such as efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control
Mcdonaldization
107
_________ pertains to the creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different societies in the world.
heterogeneity
108
___________ refers to the differences because of either lasting differences or of the hybrids or combinations of cultures that can be produced through the different transplanetary processes.
. Heterogeneity
109
Contrary to cultural imperialism, heterogeneity in culture is associated with _________
cultural hybridization
110
To him, as global forces interact with local factors or a specific geographic area, the glocal is being produced.
Roland Robertson
111
Global flows of culture tend to move more easily around the globe that ever before, especially through ___________
non-material digital forms
112
There are three perspectives on global cultural flows:
1. differentialism
2. hybridization
3. convergence
113
It involves barriers that prevent flows that serve to make cultures more alike – so cultures remain stubbornly different from one another.
Cultural differentialism
114
An example of _________ is the terrorist attacks on 9/11 and the subsequent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq
cultural differentialism
115
To many people, these events are seen as the product of a clash between________and ________ and the eternal differences between them
Western
Islamic culture
116
It is a mixture of cultures and the integration of the global and the local (what some refer to as “glocal”) leading into unique combinations
Cultural hybridization
117
Examples of Cultural Hybridization (3)
1. Creole language
2. Global restaurants
3. techno
118
________, a new language developed from simplifying and blending different languages that come into contact with in particular population, at a specific point in time.
Creole language
119
_______ chains like Kentucky Fried Chicken or McDonald’s (KFC), modifying their menus to suit the tastes or mores of different cultures.
Global restaurant
120
______ films in the United States that adapt traditional Asian cultural elements to fit the tastes of the viewing public.
Martial arts
121
________, a type of electronic dance music, began in Detroit in the 1980s and made its way around the world, from German Techno to Melbourne Bounce.
Techno
122
_________ is the theory that two cultures will be more and more like each other as their interactions increase.
Cultural convergence
123
Basically, the more that cultures interact, the more that their values, ideologies, behaviors, arts, and customs will start to reflect each other
Cultural convergence
124
__________e very often follows lines of communication, as well as the ability to communicate with people of other cultures
Cultural convergenc
125
The role of the _________ in the globalization of culture is a contested issue in international communication theory and research.
mass media
126
Early theories of media influence, commonly referred to as "________" or "hypodermic needle" theories, believed that the mass media had powerful effects over audiences.
magic bullet
127
________explores the relationship between the media, culture and globalization.
Global Media Cultures
