semster finals stuff

Question 1

what are the two branches of science

Answer 1

natural and social

Question 2

what are three types of natural science

Answer 2

physical, earth/space, life

Question 3

what is the scientific method

Answer 3

a systematic procedure for collecting/analyzing data

Question 4

5 steps of scientific method

Answer 4

1. make observations/state the problem
2. gather information
3. form hypothesis
4. test hypothesis
5. draw conclusions

Question 5

physical properties

Answer 5

DENSITY, color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity

Question 6

physical changes

Answer 6

melting, freezing, condensing, breaking, crushing

Question 7

chemical properties

Answer 7

solubility, flammeability, radioactivity, acidity

Question 8

chemical changes

Answer 8

burning, corroding, spoiling, cooking

Question 9

intensive properties

Answer 9

does not depend on the size

Question 10

extensive

Answer 10

depends on the size

Question 11

matter is what two things?

Answer 11

substance and a mixture

Question 12

element

Answer 12

a SUBSTANCE that cannot be broken down into smaller substances

Question 13

compound

Answer 13

a combination of elements

Question 14

homogenous mixture

Answer 14

evenly mixed

Question 15

heterogenous mixture

Answer 15

not evenly mixed

Question 16

solution

Answer 16

homogenous, small particles, dont separate

Question 17

suspension

Answer 17

seperates into layers, cloudy

Question 18

colloids

Answer 18

heterogenous, small intermediate particles (fog)

Question 19

exothermic

Answer 19

release of heat

Question 20

endothermic

Answer 20

absorbing heat

Question 21

calculation for density

Answer 21

D = m/v (mass over volume)

Question 22

calculation for pressure

Answer 22

P = f/a (pressure = foce/area)

Question 23

mass number

Answer 23

protons and neutrons

Question 24

atomic mass

Answer 24

protons and neutrons

Question 25

atomic number

Answer 25

protons

Question 26

dalton

Answer 26

billard ball model, discovered atoms

Question 27

thomson

Answer 27

cathode ray tube, discovered electron

Question 28

rutherford

Answer 28

gold foil experiment, discovered nucleus

Question 29

bohr

Answer 29

bohr model (planetary atom model), discovered valence electron levels

Question 30

chadwick

Answer 30

discovered neutrons

Question 31

isotopes

Answer 31

same number of protons, different number of neutrons

Question 32

group 1

Answer 32

alkali metals

Question 33

group 2

Answer 33

alkaline earth metalsg

Question 34

group 3

Answer 34

boron family

Question 35

group 4

Answer 35

carbon family

Question 36

group 5

Answer 36

nitrogen family

Question 37

group 6

Answer 37

oxygen family

Question 38

group 7

Answer 38

halogens

Question 39

group 8

Answer 39

noble gases

Question 40

where are metalloids? what are their properties?

Answer 40

stair-steps; ability to conduct heat and temperature varies with temperature

Question 41

where are nonmetals? what are their properties?

Answer 41

right side of stairs; nonmetals are poor conductors, gases at rm temp

Question 42

where are metals? what are their properties?

Answer 42

left side of stairs; luster, ductile, malleable, conductors, most solids

Question 43

to gain full outer energy level, metals...

Answer 43

lose electrons

Question 44

to gain full outer energy levels, nonmetals...

Answer 44

gain electrons

Question 45

to gain full outer energy levels, metalloids...

Answer 45

share electrons

Question 46

group

Answer 46

columns or families, have same number of VE

Question 47

period

Answer 47

rows, properties change greatly across period, first element in the period is very reactive metal

Question 48

trends in periodic table

Answer 48

atomic size decreases, metallic properties decrease, ability to lose an electron decreases, ability to GAIN an electron increases

Question 49

isotope calculation

Answer 49

protons and neutrons

Question 50

ionic bonds

Answer 50

share between metals/nonmetals

Question 51

covalent bonds

Answer 51

share between nonmetals