sensation

Question 1

Figure-ground

Answer 1

relationship-is the principle by which we
organize the perceptual field into stimuli that stand out and those that are left over

Question 2

Shape constancy

Answer 2

-the perceived shape of an object is unaffected by changed in the shape of its retinal image

Question 3

Color constancy

Answer 3

(brightness constancy) is the recognition that an object retains the same color even though different amounts of light
fall on it.

Question 4

Perceptual constancy

Answer 4

is the recognition that objects
are constant and unchanging even though sensory input about them is changing

Question 5

Binocular cues

Answer 5

depth cues that depend on the combination of the images in the left and right eyes

Question 6

Size constancy

Answer 6

the ability to see an object as unchanged in size despite changes in the image size as it moves farther away or closer (perceived size of an object remains the same despite changes in the size of the image it casts on the retina)

Question 7

Shadowing

Answer 7

light adds shadowing that gives a 2-d picture 3-d qualities

Question 8

Linear perspective

Answer 8

a visual cue in which two parallel lines appear to meet together in the distance

Question 9

Motion Parallex

Answer 9

a type of depth perception cue in which objects that are closer appear to move faster than objects that are further.

Question 10

aerial perspective

Answer 10

a phenomenon in which distant objects tend to appear blurry and bluish in nature.

Question 11

stereoscopic vision

Answer 11

3-D vision like in movies!

Question 12

retinal Disparity

Answer 12

a discrepancy in the images that reach the left and right eye

Question 13

Texture gradients

Answer 13

the texture elements of picture- like the stones and grass- become gradually smaller, more densely packed, and less defined moving into the distance

Question 14

Convergence

Answer 14

in the distance the line of vision is parallel but less than 50 ft the eyes must converge- or turn in to focus on the object

Question 15

auto kinetic illusion

Answer 15

spot appears to move

Question 16

stroboscopic motion

Answer 16

Apparent movement-occurs when we perceive a stationary object as moving

Question 17

Phi phenomenon

Answer 17

lights appear to move

Question 18

Gestalt rules

Answer 18

a school of thought interested in how people naturally organize their perceptions according to certain patterns

Question 19

sound

Answer 19

based on the perception of its characteristics

Question 20

transduction

Answer 20

the translation of incoming stimuli into neural signals

Question 21

sound waves

Answer 21

vibrations processed by auditory system

Question 22

ossicles

Answer 22

vibrate to transmit sounds to inner ear

Question 23

frequency

Answer 23

The hair cells fire at different rates/frequencies in the cochlea

Question 24

Hertz

Answer 24

the unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second.

Question 25

timbre

Answer 25

is the tone saturation

Question 26

Pitch

Answer 26

the perceptual interpretation of frequency of sound

Question 27

Hammer, anvil, stirrup (aka ossicles)

Answer 27

vibrate to transmit sounds to inner ear

Question 28

Amplitude

Answer 28

height of the wave of light which determines brightness

Question 29

oval window

Answer 29

transmits sound waves to the cochlea

Question 30

decibel

Answer 30

loud or soft

Question 31

cochlea

Answer 31

fluid-filled structure that is coiled up like a snail

Question 32

Auditory Nerves

Answer 32

hair cells are receptor sites

Question 33

place theory

Answer 33

The hair cells in the cochlea respond to different frequencies based on where they are located in the cochlea.

Question 34

Frequency theory

Answer 34

The hair cells fire at different rates/frequencies in the cochlea

Question 35

conduction deafness

Answer 35

something goes wrong with the system of conducting the sound to the cochlea

Question 36

Nerve (or sensorineural) Deafness

Answer 36

occurs when the hair cells in the cochlea are damaged- usually by a loud noise

Question 37

Basilar

Question 38

Olfactory bulb

Question 39

taste buds

Answer 39

are closely packed or spread out depending on how well you taste food

Question 40

papillae

Answer 40

rounded bumps above the tongue’s surface

Question 41

semicircular canals

Question 42

Vestibular Senses

Answer 42

provides information about balance and movement (oriented in space)

Question 43

Kinesthetic Senses

Answer 43

provides information about movement, posture and orientation

Question 44

gate control theory

Question 45

ganglion cell

Answer 45

a type of neuron located near the inner surface

Question 46

saturation

Answer 46

richness of a visual stimuli

Question 47

Brightness

Answer 47

tendency to perceive a familiar object as having the same brightness under different conditions of illumination

Question 48

Blind spot

Answer 48

place where optic nerve leaves the retina

Question 49

Dichromats

Answer 49

partial color blindness in which the eye contains only two types of cone photo pigment instead of the typical three

Question 50

trichromatic theory

Answer 50

indicates that we can receive 3 types of colors (red, green, and blue) and that the cones vary the ratio of neural activity (Like a projection T.V.).

Question 51

opponent process theory

Answer 51

color perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to red versus green, blue versus yellow, and black versus white

Question 52

colorblindness

Answer 52

the inability to discriminate between colors and to perceive color hues

Question 53

visible light

Answer 53

the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see with our eyes

Question 54

feature detectors

Answer 54

individual neurons—or groups of neurons—in the brain which code for perceptually significant stimuli

Question 55

visual acuity

Answer 55

the degree of clarity, or sharpness, of visual perception

Question 56

wave length

Answer 56

Light: form of electromagnetic energy that can be detected in terms of wavelengths

Question 57

optic chiasm

Answer 57

the location at the base of the brain at which the optic nerves from the two eyes meet

Question 58

Optic nerve

Answer 58

carries visual information from the retina to the brain

Question 59

after image

Answer 59

the image that remains after a stimulus ends or is removed.

Question 60

hue

Answer 60

subjective quality of color, which is determined primarily by wavelength and secondarily by amplitude