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sensation and perception Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

synesthesia



A

To perceive together is my new experience one of your senses through another cents for one type of simulation evokes the sensation of another

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2
Q

Sensation detection

A

Our senses collect information from the environment and convert it to a Nuro sign that can travel to the brain

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3
Q

Transduction

A

The transformation of stimulus energy to electro chemical energy of neural impulses

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4
Q

Perception

A

Organizing and interpreting sensory information

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5
Q

Bottom up processing

A

sensation to the brain to the perception

Entry level sensation requires no prior knowledge or work

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6
Q

Top down processing

A

From perception starting with larger objects before working towards detailed information

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7
Q

Perceptual sad

A

Construction perceptions based on experience and expectations which is predisposition to perceive things in a certain way

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8
Q

Psycho physics

A

Study of how the physical characteristics of stimuli relate to our physiological experience
weber and fechner 

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9
Q

Absolute threshold

A

Minimum stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time

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10
Q

Signal detection theory

A

no absolute threshold detection depends partly on a persons experience expectations motivation and level fatigue

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11
Q

Subliminal

A

when stimulus are below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness

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12
Q

Difference threshold

A

The amount something must be changed in order for a difference to be noticeable at least half the time

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13
Q

Webers law

A

The principle that to be perceived as different to stimuli must differ by constant minimum percentage

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14
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

reduction in sensitivity to a stimulus after constant exposure to it

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15
Q

Selective attention

A

Are conscious awareness on a particular stimulus by simultaneously suppressing irrelevant or distracting information

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16
Q

Divided attention

A

Occurs when mental focus is on multiple tasks or ideas at once

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17
Q

intentional blindness

A

when I focused is directed at one stimulus leaving us blind to other stimulus

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18
Q

Change blindness

A

The Tennessee people have to miss changes in their immediate visual environment

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19
Q

Cocktail party effect

A

ability to focus on a particular sound low partial filtering out other sounds

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20
Q

Vision

A

The dominant sense

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21
Q

Cornea

A

helps focus light for clarity

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22
Q

pupil 

A

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye

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23
Q

Iris

A

Muscle tissue that forms the color portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

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24
Q

fovea 

A

Center of right now compromised of cones that see color and clarity

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25
Photo receptors
Convert light into electro chemical neural impulses
26
Cones
Concentrated in the center of retina color and clarity
27
Rods
Black and white with night vision motion detection and peripheral vision
28
Bipolar cells
Located between photo receptor cells and ganglion cells work to transfer visual information
29
Ganglion cells
Converge to form the optic nerve sending information to the
30
Optic nerve
The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain visual information is sent to the occipital lobe at the back of the brain for processing
31
Blindspot
The point at which the optic nerve leaves that I creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there eyes have rapid movement from side to side to help fill in missing information created by the Blindspot
32
young-helmholtz trichromatic theory
There are three receptors in the retina responsible for the perception of color
33
Color deficient vision
Simply like functioning red or green sensitive cones or both
34
Opponent process theory
retinal processes only occur in three sets of opponents Red/green Black/white Blue/yellow Cells can only detect the presence of one color at a time because the two colors oppose one another
35
After image
Describes a continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus
36
Feature detectors
In the visual cortex specialize in around to detect one feature responding to shapes angles lines and movement in a field of vision
37
Parallel processing
The ability of the brain to do many things at once for visual processing, emotion shape and death are processed simultaneously
38
Audition
The biological process of her ears processing sound waves
39
Sound waves
vibrations of molecules the travel through the air
40
amplitude 
Height of the sound waves
41
Frequency
Number of wavelength and a unit of time
42
Pitch
Shorter wavelength equals high frequency equals higher pitch
43
Pinna
The outer ear the visual part of the year directs waves into ear canal
44
tympanic membrane
the ear drum, sound waves make the eardrum vibrate
45
Middle ear
sound waves travel to vibrate the bones which are the hammer stirrup an anvil bones concentrate the vibrations of eardrum on the cochleas oval window
46
Cochlea
A coil fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses on top of the membrane or hair cells the bottom is the Besley Lee membrane and together they make nerve impulses and get sent to the auditory nerve
47
Place theory
The hair cells on the basilar membrane of the cochlea or each tuned to activate at a specific frequency
48
Frequency theory
we’re here pitch based on how fast the hair cells vibrate | rate of impulses and auditory nerve matches the frequency of the tone
49
Locating sound
Sound waves one here sooner and more intensely than the other from this information our brain computes sounds location
50
Conduction hear loss
caused by damage to mechanical system that conduct sound waves to the cochlea Blockage swelling and fluid anything that restrict movement
51
Sensory neural hearing loss
occurs when the inner ear cochlear auditory nerve is not functioning hearing aids are in effective once damage they are dead and cannot be fixed
52
Cochlear implant
Advice for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
53
The McGurk affect
Perceptual losing when the visual perception of sound as part of the auditory information of a different sound
54
Visual capture
when vision competes with other senses vision usually wins
55
Taste
Chemical compounds are taste buds five types of flavor receptor cells are sweet salty sour better and savory Gustary transduction to the temporal lobe
56
Smell
Chemical molecules breathe in through the nose smell receptors lie on top of nasal passage neural signals sent from olfactory bulb to the temporal lobe’s in the limbic system or smells can trigger memories and emotions
57
somesthetic senses 
The senses of the skin allows to feel light touch pressure pain cold and warmth inside the skin many cells that sense pressure skin is the largest organ and sent to the thalamus
58
Sensory interaction
when one sense influences our experience of another 
59
Pain
The bodies warning sign that something isn’t right combine with bottom up and top down processes
60
Gate control theory of pain
There is a gate in the spinal cord that switch his pain on and off the more neurons the more pain
61
Phantom limb sensations
Seven and 10 amputees feel pain and removed or nonexistent loves
62
Kinethesis 
The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts there are sensors in your joints tendons bones and ears as well as skin sensors
63
Vestibular sense
sense of body position movement and balance or equilibrium based on the movement of fluid start in the vestibular sacks of the inner ear hair like receptor cells detect movement of this fluid
64
gestalt psychologist
emphasize the brains tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful holes and perception the whole may exceed the sum of its parts our brain is more than register information about the world
65
Figure ground pattern
Organization of vision into objects that stand out from the surroundings
66
Grouping
The tendency to organize similar in groups in order to process the complexity of the world
67
Depth perception
The ability to perceive the world in three dimensions and judge the distance of objects Achieved in the brain processes different pictures from each eye and combine some to form a single 30 image
68
Binocular cues
Those that require the use of both eyes and order focused to perceive death or
69
Retinal disparity
The difference between the visual images that each I received because of the different angles in which each eye veiws the world
70
Convergence
Our eyes move together to focus on an object that is close and they move farther apart for a distance object
71
Monocular cues
Clues that can be used for depth perception that involve using only one I
72
Linear perspective
Parallel lines up here at chicken verge of the vanishing point on the horizon
73
interposition
When one object overlaps another the object that is partially obscured is perceived as being farther away
74
Relative size
If two objects are roughly the same size the farther away object will appear smaller even though the objects are still the same size
75
Relative height
we perceive objects higher in our visual field as being for the way and those that are close up your lower
76
Relative clarity
We perceive hazy objects is farther away than sharp clear objects
77
Light and shadow
Objects that are darken up here in May if your father off in the distance and those that are brightly lit
78
Texture gradient
Method of determining deaths by noting the distance objects have a smoother texture than nearby objects
79
Relative motion
as you’re moving objects that are closer seem to zoom by faster than object in the distance
80
Perceptual constancy
The tendency to perceive an object you are familiar with as having constant shape size and brightness is about the stimulus changes that occur
81
Light constancy
We perceive an object is having a concert lightness even while it’s illumination fairies
82
Shabe constancy
familiar objects maintain their known shape in our perception regardless of the changes in viewing angles
83
Parapsychology
The study of paranormal phenomenon including ESP and psycho kinesis
84
Color constancy
Intensive objects to be the same color even under changing illumination
85
Perceptual phenomenon
The result of my mechanisms in the eye in the brain

ap psych (8 decks)

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