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MCAT Pysch/Soc > Sensation & Perception > Flashcards

Sensation & Perception Flashcards

1
Q

sensory receptors

A

sensory nerves that respond to stimuli

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2
Q

senosry ganglia

A

collection of cell bodies outside the CNS

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3
Q

projection areas

A

areas in the brain that analyze sensory input

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4
Q

absolute threshold

A

the minimum of stimulus energy that will activate a sensory system

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5
Q

threshold of conscious perception

A

the minimum stimulus energy that will create a signal large enough in size and long enough in duration to be brough into awareness

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6
Q

difference threshold

A

the minimum difference in magnitude between two stimuli before one can percieve this difference

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7
Q

weber’s law

A

just noticeable difference for a stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus

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8
Q

signal detection theory

A

refers to the effects of nonsensory factors, such as:
* experiences
* motives
* expectations on perception of stimuli
* accounts for response bias

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9
Q

adaptation

A

refers to a increase or decrease in sensitivity to a stimulus

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10
Q

Hearing

what makes up the outer ear?

A
  • pinna (auricle)
  • external auditory canal
  • typamic membrane
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11
Q

Hearing

What makes up the middle ear?

A
  • malleus: hammer
  • incus: anvil
  • stapes: stirrup

Acronym: MIS and HAS

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12
Q

Hearing

what makes up the inner ear?

A
  • bony labyrinth: filled with perilymph
  • membranous labyrinth: filled with endolymph
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13
Q

Hearing

what makes up the membranous labyrinth?

A
  • cochlea (sound)
  • utricle & saccule (linear acceleration)
  • semicircular canals (rotational acceleration & balance)
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14
Q

Hearing

what makes up projection areas?

A
  • superior olive
  • inferior colliculus
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15
Q

Hearing

superior olive

A
  • localizes sound
  • located in brain stem
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16
Q

Hearing

inferior colliculus

A
  • startle reflex
  • used in both eyes and ears in the vestibulo-occular reflex
17
Q

Hearing

vestibulo-occular reflex

A

keeps the eyes fixed on a single point as the head rotates

18
Q

Hearing

auditory pathway

A

cochlea –> vestibulocochlear nerve –> medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) –> auditory cortex

19
Q

Vision

Cornea

A

gathers incoming light

20
Q

Vision

iris

A
  • controls size of pupil
  • colored part of eye
  • divides front of the eye into the anterior & posterior chamber
  • contains 2 muscles, the dilator and constrictor pupillae
21
Q

Vision

lens

A

refracts incoming light to focus it on the retina

22
Q

Vision

aqueous humor

A
  • produced by the ciliary body
  • nourishes the eye and gives the eye shape
  • drains through the canal of Schlemm
23
Q

Vision

retina

A

capture the light that enters the eye and translate it into an image

24
Q

Vision

rods

A
  • detect light/dark
  • contains rhodopsin
25
Q

Vision

cones

A
  • color
  • short/ medium/ long
  • are in the fovea, which is part of the macula
26
Q

Vision

Pathway from retina

A

rods/cones –> bipolar cells –> ganglion cells –> optic nerves

27
Q

Vision

Retinal Disparity

A
  • space between eyes
  • allows for binocular vision and depth
28
Q

Vision

horizontal & amacrine cells

A

integrates signals from ganglion cells and performs edge-sharpening

29
Q

Vision

Support

A

vitreous on inside
sclera and choroid on outside

30
Q

Vision

parallel processing

A

color, form, motion at same time

31
Q

Vision

magnocellular cells

A
  • motion
  • high temporal resolution
32
Q

Vision

parvocellular cells

A
  • shape
  • high spatial resolution
33
Q

Vision

visual pathway

A

eye –> optic nerves –> optic chiasm –> optic tracts –> lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) –> visual radiations –> visual cortex

34
Q

Object Recognition

Top-Down processing

A
  • the recognition of an object by memories and expectations
  • little attention to detail
  • uses background knowledge
35
Q

Object Recognition

bottom-up processing

A
  • details –> whole
  • recognition of objects by feature detection
  • not influenced by background knowledge
36
Q

Object Recognition

gestalt principles

A
  • proximity
  • similarity
  • continutity
  • closure
  • all are governed by the law of pragnanz
37
Q

Other senses

two-point threshold

A

minimum distance necessary between 2 points of stimulation on the skin such that the points will be felts as two distinct stimuli

38
Q

Other senses

physiological zero

A

the normal temp of skin which objects are compared to

MCAT Pysch/Soc (12 decks)

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