Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GRE Psychology > sensation/perception > Flashcards

sensation/perception Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Weber’s Law (Fechner)

A

change in stimulus intensity need for JND divided by stimulus intensity of standard stimulus is constant

? I/I = K
?= delta I, change in intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who founded Gestalt psych

A

Max Wertheimer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Absolute threshold (limen)

A

minimum stimulus energy need to activate sensory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Difference threshold

A

how different two stimuli must be before perceived as different.

If 2lbs = 1 JND, 4 lbs = 2 JND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fechner’s law

Steven’s power law

A

sensation increases more slowly as intensity increases

Steven argued with him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What theory says nonsensory factors influence what subject says she sees?

A

signal detection theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Response bias

A

measures how risky the subject is in sensory decision-making; based upon nonsensory factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sensitivity

A

Measures how well the subject can sense the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ROC curve (Swets)

A

used to graphically summarize a subject’s responses in a signal detection experiment

John Swets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Receptors

A

respond to physical stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Transduction

A

translates physical energy to neural impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

projection areas

A

brain areas that further analyze sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cornea

A

gathers light and focuses it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pupil

A

contracts in bright light

expands in dim light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

iris

A

involuntary muscles/autonomic nerve fibers, controls size of pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lens

A

controls curve of light and can focus near/distant objects on retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

retina

A

image detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Light path

A

retinal ganglion –> bipolar cell –> rod/cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cones

A

color/fine detail, effective in bright light, both color/noncolor. because less cones converging onto individual ganglion cells

rods- reduce light, achromatic colors, low detail sensitivity
We have more rods than cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fovea

A

contains only cones
visual acuity best here

only rods at periphery of retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ganglion cells form

A

optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vision: nerve pathways

A

Cross in optic chiasm
Nasal fibers –> opposite side
Temporal fibers: same side
Optic tract takes info to thalamus (LGN), visual cortex, and superior colliculus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hubel/Wiesel’s single cell recordings:

Types of Cell/Responds to visual info on…
Simple
Complex
Hypercomplex

A

Simple- orientation/boundaries

Complex- movement

hypercomplex- abstract/shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Illumination vs. brightness

A

illumination- objective measure of light on surface

brightness-subjective impression of intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Adaption
dark adaption- in movie theater Rods have rhodopsin (Vitamin A, retinal and protein opsin) when light absorbed, splits to retinene and opsin (bleaching), takes time to regenerate)
26
Simultaneous bright contrast
target areas of particular luminance appears brighter surrounded by darker stimulus than lighter stimulus.
27
Lateral inhibition
adjacent retinal cells inhibit each other, sharpens/highlights boarders between light/dark cells
28
Humans can see
400-800 nm
29
Subtractive color mixture
paint, mix pigments
30
Additive color mixture
lights, primary green, red, blue
31
Young-Helm color theory/trichromatic theory
3 cones for 3 colors
32
Ewald Hering's theory of color: opponent processing
red excites r/g cell b/w y/b suggested by after images
33
interposition depth cue
if A covers B, B is farther away
34
Relative size depth cue
retinal size of object: actual size | ex: no tiny car, far car
35
Linear perspective
parallel lines appear to converge as they recede into the distance
36
Texture gradients
as scene recedes, surface texture appears to change
37
motion parallax
observer moves, objects in stationary environment appear to move relative to distance from observer (ex: train)
38
Binocular disparity (stereopsis)
each eye sees a slightly different scene, when brain combines the scenes, we get perception of depth
39
object rather than perceiver moves
kinetic depth effect
40
degree of disparity between retinal images of eyes due to slight differences in horizontal position of each eye
binocular parallax
41
Figure vs. Ground
Figure- image | ground- background
42
proximity
elements close to each other tend to be perceived as unit
43
similarity
elements similar to each other tend to be grouped together
44
good continuation
elements appear to follow in the same direction tend to be grouped together
45
closure
tendency to see incomplete figures as complete
46
Pragnanz
perceptual organization will always be as good as possible
47
Kohler's theory of isomorphism
1:1 correspondence between object in perception and stimulation in brain
48
Apparent motion (Phi)
2+ stationary lights flicker in succession, tend to be perceived as single moving light
49
Induced motion
stationary point of light appears to move when the background moves
50
Autokinetic effect
stationary point of light when viewed in otherwise dark room appears to move, probably caused by involuntary eye movements
51
Motion aftereffect
view moving object long time, stops moving, seems to go in opposite direction
52
Size constancy (ames room)
perceived size of object remains constant despite variations in the size of its retinal image
53
Shape constancy
perceived shape of object remains constant despite variations in the shape of its retinal image (ex: opening a door)
54
Lightness constancy
perceived lightness of object constant even when light changes
55
Color constancy
color of an object constant despite change in spectrum (sunglasses)
56
Gibson/Walk to assess depth perceptual in infants
visual cliff
57
Frequency vs. intensity Objective
Frequency- cycles/s, Hz | Intensity- amp. of wave, decibels
58
Subjective: pitch, loudness, timbre
pitch-frequency loud-intensity timbre-quality (piano vs. trumpet)
59
Pinna
first ear part, channel wave to auditory cannal
60
tympanic membrane
vibrates in phase with waves
61
Ossciles (MIS) -->
oval window (enterance) Cochlea- filled with saltly cochlear fluid Basilar membrane, and organ of corti (hair cells)
62
Auditory brain
superior olivary complex, inferior colliculus, MGN in thalamus, temporal cortex
63
What determines pitch? | Also Helmholtz/young place theory
Basilar membrane = pitch different place = different pitch tones 500-4,000+ Hz
64
Frequency theory
basilar membrane vibrates as whole, rate of vibration = frequency of stimulus. tons up to 0-4,000 Hz
65
Bekesy's traveling wave
movement of basilar membrane maximal at different place along basilar membrane for each different frequency high at oval window low near apex
66
taste bud group
papillae
67
smell receptors in
olfactory epithelium
68
Melzack/Wall's theory of pain
Gating mechanism in spinal cord hat turns pain signals on/off
69
Two-point threshold
minimum distances needed between two points of stimulation on skins such that the points are felt as two distinct stimuli
70
Physiological zero
neutral temp perceived neither hot nor cold
71
Proprioception
bodily position, vestibular/kinesthetic
72
vestibular sense
balance, gravity, semicircular canals
73
kinesthetic
awareness of body movement/position, muscle, tendon, and joint position
74
Donald Broadbent's selective attention
filter between sensory and processing | if you don't pay attention, it's gone
75
Dichotic listening
you can only hear one at a time
76
Yerkes-Dodson Law
performance worst at extremely low/high levels of arousal

GRE Psychology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions