Senses Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
Specialized cells or multicellular structures that collect information from the environment
A
Sensory Receptors
2
Q
Sensory receptors stimulate neurons to send impulses along:
A
sensory fibers to the brain
3
Q
A feeling that occurs when brain become aware of a sensory impulse
A
Sensation
4
Q
A persons view of the stimulus; the way the brian interprets the info
A
Perception
5
Q
Respond to changes in chemical concentrations
A
Chemoreceptors
6
Q
Respond to tissue damage
A
Pain Receptors (Nociceptors)
7
Q
Respond to changes in temperatures
A
Thermoreceptors
8
Q
Respond to mechanical forces
A
Mechanoreceptors
9
Q
Respond to light
A
Photoreceptors
10
Q
Process in which the brain projects the sensation back to the apparent sources
A
Projection
*Allows a person to pinpoint the region of stimulation
11
Q
Senses associated with skin, muscles, joints, and viscera
A
General Senses
12
Q
Three groups of General Senses:
A
- Exteroceptive
- Visceroceptive
- Proprioreceptive
13
Q
- Common in epithelial tissues
- simplest receptors
- sense itching
A
Free Nerve Ending
14
Q
- Abundant in hairless portions of skin; lips
- Detect fine touch; distinguish between two points on the skin
A
Meissner’s Corpulses
15
Q
- Common in deeper subcutaneous tissues, tendons, and ligaments
- Detect heavy pressure and vibrations
A
Pacinian Corpulses
16
Q
Send information to spinal cord and CNS about body position and length and tension of muscles
A
Proprioreceptors
17
Q
Main kind of proprioreceptors:
A
- Pacinian Corpulses
- Muscle Spindles
- Golgi Tendon Organs
*Stretch Receptors
18
Q
in joints
A
Pacinian Corpulses
19
Q
In skeletal muscle
A
Muscle Spindles
20
Q
in tendons
A
Golgi Tendon Organs
21
Q
- Chemoreceptors
- Respond to chemicals dissolved in liquids
A
Olfactory Receptors
22
Q
- Contain olfactory receptors and supporting epithelial cells
- Cover parts of nasal cavity, superior nasal conchae, and a portion of nasal septum
A
Olfactory Organs
23
Q
Stimulated by carbohydrates
A
sweet
24
Q
stimulated by acids
A
sour
25
stimulated by salts
salty
26
stimulated by organic compounds
bitter
27
stimulated by glutomate
umani
28
Spicy foods activate:
pain receptors
29
modified epithelial cells that function as receptors (chemo-receptors)
Taste cells
30
Microvilli that protrude from taste cells; sensitive parts of taste cells
Taste hairs
31
Located on the papillae of tongue, roof of mouth, linings of cheeks, and walls of pharynx
organs of taste
32
Once olfactory receptors are stimulated, nerve impulses travel through:
olfactory nerves--> olfactory bulbs--> olfactory tracts--> limbic system (for emotions)--> olfactory cortex (for interpretation)
33
Organ of hearing
Ear
34
Collects sound waves
Auricle
35
- lined with ceruminous glands
- carries sound to tympanic membrane
- terminates with tympanic membrane
External Acoustic Meatus
36
Virbrates in response to sound waves
Tympanic Membrane
37
Air filled space in temporal bone
Tympanic Cavity
38
- Vibrate in response to tympanic membrane
| - Malleus, incus, and stapes
Auditory Ossicles
39
- Opening in wall of tympanic cavity
| - stapes vibrate against it to move fluids in inner ear
Oval Window
40
- Connects middle ear to the throat
- helps maintain equal pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane
- usually closed by valve-like flaps in the throat
Eustacian Tube
41
Complex system of labyrinths
Inner Ear
42
- Bony canal in temporal bone
| - Filled with perilymph
Osseous Labyrinth
43
- Tube within osseous labyrinth
| - filled with endolymph
Membranous Labyrinth
44
Three parts of Labyrinths:
1. Cochlea
2. Semicircular Canals
3. Vestibule
45
- Group of hearing receptor cells
- on upper surface of basilar membrane
- particular sound frequencies cause hairs of receptor cells to bend
- nerve impulses generated
Organ of Corti
46
- Vestible
| - Sense position of head when body is not moving
Static Equillibrium
47
- Semicircular Canals
| - Sense rotation and movement of head and body
Dynamic Equillibrium
48
Communicates with saccule and membraneous portion of semicircular canals
Utricle
49
communicates with cochlear duct
Saccule
50
Hair cells of utricle and saccule
Macula
51
Three canals at right angles
Semicircle Canals
52
Swelling of membraneous labyrinth that communicates with the vestibule
Ampulla
53
- Sensory organ of ampulla
- hair cells and supporting cells
- rapid turns of head or body stimulate hair cells
Crista Ampullaris
54
The most dominant sense is the ___
eye
55
___ of all sensory receptors are in the eye
-70%
56
responsible for producing tears
Lacrimal Apparatus
57
Prevents perspiration from getting into the eye
Eyebrow
58
Coarse hairs that overlie the supraorbital margins
Functions include:
- shading the eye
- Preventing perspiration from reaching the eye
Eyebrows
59
- Protect the eye anteriorly
- Palpebral Fissure
- Lacrimal Caruncle
Papebrae (Eyelids)
60
- Project from the free margin of each eyelid
| - Initiate reflex blinking
Eyelashes
61
- Transparent membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the whites of the eyes
- Lubricates and protects the eye
Conjunctiva
62
Consists of the lacrimal gland and associated ducts
Lacrimal Apparatus
63
secrete tears
Lacrimal Apparatus
64
The structure of the eyeball
Slightly irregular hollow sphere
65
The wall is composed of three tunics:
- fibrous
- vascular
- sensory
66
The internal cavity of the eyeball is filled with fluids called:
humors
67
The ____ separates the intern; cavity
lens
68
Forms the outermost coat of the eye and is composed of opaque sclera and clear cornea
Fibrous Tunic
* -Protects the eye and anchors extrinsic muscles
- the cornea lets light enter the eye
69
Three regions of the Vascular Tunic
- Choroid
- Ciliary Body
- Iris
70
- A dark brown membrane
| - supplies blood to all eye tunics
Choroid
71
- A thickened ring of tissue surrounding the lens
- Composed of smooth muscle bundles (ciliary muscles)
- Anchors the suspensory ligament that holds the lens in place
Ciliary Body
72
Central opening of the iris
Pupil
73
The outer layer of the retina that absorbs light and prevents its scattering
Pigmented Layer
74
Contains photoreceptors that transduce light energy, bipolar cells and ganglion cells, and amacrine and horizontal cells
Neural Layer of Retina
75
- Respond to dim light
| - Are used for peripheral vision
Rods
76
- Respons to bright light
- Have high-acuity color vision
- Are concentrated in fovea capitis
Cones
77
Where are cones concentrated?
Fovea Capitis
78
____ separates the internal eye
Lens
79
- Transmits light
- Supports the posterior surface of the lens
- Holds the neural retina against the pigmented layer
Vitreous Humor
80
A plasma-like fluid that fills the anterior segment of the eye
Aqueous Humor
*Supports, nourishes, and removes wastes
81
Between the cornea and iris
Anterior
82
Between the iris and the lens
Posterior
83
A biconvex, transparent, flexible, avascular structure that:
- Allows precise focusing of light onto your retina
- Is composed of epithelium and lens fibers
Lens
84
With age, the lens becomes more compact and dense and loses its _____
elasticity
85
When a convex lens forms an image it is:
upside down and reversed right to left
86
Light is reflected three times:
- At the cornea
- Entering the lens
- Leaving the lens
87
The lens curvature and shape allow for:
Fine focusing of an image
88
Process by which the eye detects light energy
Photoreception
89
- Modify neurons
- Resemble tall epithelial cells
- Exist as: cones and rods
Photoreceptors
