Sensory Systems-Ear

Question 1

The external ear consists of the ____ and ____

Answer 1

auricle, external auditory meatus

Question 2

The auricle is an irregularly shaped with an internal plate made of _____ _____. It has thin skin with hair and ____ glands

Answer 2

elastic cartilage
sebaceous

I didn’t quite understand the wording of his notes about the cartilage…

Question 3

The external auditory meatus–>the outer half is supported by ____ ____, while the inner half forms a tunnel in ____ ____

Answer 3

elastic cartilage

temporal bone

Question 4

Thin skin lines the entire meatus and outer surface of ____ ____. The skin contains large ____ glands and coiled tubuloalveolar _____ glands.

Answer 4

tympanic membrane
sebaceous
ceruminous

Question 5

Ear wax is a mixture of _____ and ____ secretions plus _____ meatal cells

Answer 5

ceruminous, sebaceous

desquamated

Question 6

The tympanic cavity houses _____ and is connected to the _____ by the eustachian tube

Answer 6

ossicles,

pharynx

Question 7

The ____ and ____ ____ are small, membrane covered regions devoid of bone that separate the middle ear from the bony labrynth of the inner ear

Answer 7

round, oval window

Question 8

The ossicles (_____, ____, _____) transmits ______ _____ movements to the _____ window

Answer 8

malleus, incus, stapes
tympanic membrane
oval

Question 9

The inner ear consists of a fluid filled _____ labryinth housed iwithin a ____ labryinth. Endolymph is within the ______. Perilymph is fluid outside the ______.

Answer 9

membranous, bony
membranous labyrinth
membranous labyrinth

Question 10

The vestibule contains _____lymph. It houses the ____ and ____, which contain _____lynph

Answer 10

perilymph
utricle, saccule
endolymph

Question 11

The cochlea winds 2.5 times around a bony core called the ____ that has blood vessels and the _____ _____. The osseus spiral lamina is a lateral extension of the _____

Answer 11

modiolus
spiral ganglion
modiolus

Question 12

The cochlea has a thickened periosteum called the ____ ____

Answer 12

spiral ligament

Question 13

The cochlea is subdivided into 3 spaces or “scala.” There are the perilymph filled ____ and _____, and the cochlear duct which is filed with ____ and called _____

Answer 13

scala vestibuli, scala tympani

endolymph, scala media

Question 14

The membranous labyrinth is filled with _____. It is similar to intracellular fluid and has low ___ and ____ content, but high ___ content

Answer 14

endolymph
Na, protein
K

Question 15

The saccule and utricle are located within the ____. They are sac-like bodies of ____ ____ lined by _____ _____ epithelium

Answer 15

vestibule
connective tissue
simple squamous

Question 16

The utricle and saccule each give off a duct. These ducts join and form the _____ _____

Answer 16

endolymphatic sac

Question 17

The specialized region of the utricle and saccule is the _____. It contains 2 types of _____ _____ cells

Answer 17

maculae

neuroepithelial hair

Question 18

Neuroepithelial cells have 50-100 rigid stereocillia (_____ _____) arranged in rows and a single cilium called a _____

Answer 18

sensory microvilli
kinocilium

didn’t really understand his notes here

Question 19

Cilia extend form the apical surface of ___ cells to an overlaping gelatinous layer called the _____ membrane

Answer 19

hair

otolithic

Question 20

Type __ hair cells are columnar with a round, basal nucleus. They contact small afferent nerve terminals with _____ _____

Answer 20

2

synaptic vesicles

Question 21

Type __ hair cells are bulbar in shape with a round nucleus. They are surrounded by a cup shaped _____ nerve ending

Answer 21

1

afferent

Question 22

____ cells are columnar with a round, basal nucleus. They have a prominent terminal web

Answer 22

support

Question 23

The otolithic membrane is a thick and gelatinous layer that contains _____. It contains small calcified particles called _____

Answer 23

glycoprotein

otoliths

Question 24

The vestibule functions in detection of _____ _____

Answer 24

linear acceleration

Question 25

Semicircular ducts arise from the ____. The ____ is a dilated area of semicircular ducts near junction with the ____

Answer 25

utricle ampulla utricle

Question 26

____ ____ are specialized sensory areas in the ampullae. They have a thicker, cone shaped glycoprotein layer called the ____ and no otoliths

Answer 26

cristae ampullares | cupula

Question 27

What movement do semicircular ducts detect?

Answer 27

angular acceleration along any of the three axes

Question 28

The endolymphatic sac is lined by ____ cells with an irregularly shaped nucleus with long _____. May find ____ cells in the lumen that function in endolymph reabsorption

Answer 28

columnar microvilli phagocytic

Question 29

The cochlear duct is a specialized area of the ____ that has the spiral _____ ___ _____.

Answer 29

saccule | organ of corti

Question 30

The scala ____ lies above the cochlear duct and the scala _____ lies below. Both contain _____ and communicate with each other by a small hole near the cochlear apex called the _____

Answer 30

vestibuli tympani perilymph helioctrema

Question 31

The ____ _____ is composed of 2 layers of flattened squamous epithelium separated by a basement membrane. It functions to maintain ____ ____ between perilymph in the scala vestibuli and endolymph in the cochlear duct

Answer 31

vestibular membrane | ion gradients

Question 32

The ____ ____ is a vascularized area of pseduostratified epithelium that lines the lateral aspect of the cochlear duct. It may secrete ____

Answer 32

stria vascularis | endolymph

Question 33

The ____ _____ is an epithelium covered protuberance that extends the length of the cochlear duct. Its epithelium is continuous with the ____ ____ and is reflected onto the basilar membrane

Answer 33

spiral prominence | stria vascularis

Question 34

The ____ ____ is a thick layer of amorphous material with keratin-like fibers. Pilar cells rest on it

Answer 34

basilar membrane

Question 35

The ____ ____ makes contact with processes of hair cells. It is secreted by _____ cells of the spiral sulcus (limbus)

Answer 35

tectorial membrane | interdental

Question 36

The spiral organ of corti contains ___ cells and ___ cells and lies upon the ____ ____

Answer 36

hair, supporting | basilar membrane

Question 37

The spiral organ of corti contains an ____ ____ and an ____ ___ that communicate with each other by intercellular spaces

Answer 37

inner tunnel, outer tunnel he doesn't say what they do

Question 38

Hair cells in the cochlear are neuroepithelial cells with a round, ____ located nucleus. They have many long and stiff ____ but no _____

Answer 38

basally stereocillium kinocillium

Question 39

____ hair cells are located in a single row along the length of the cochlear duct. They receive afferent synaptic terminals on the _____ surface

Answer 39

inner | basal

Question 40

____ hair cells are organized in 3-5 rows within a cup-shaped afferent nerve ending. These function in _____ reception and respond to different ____ _____. The sterocilia are embedded in a gelatinous _____ membrane

Answer 40

outer sound sound frequencies tectorial membrane

Question 41

Inner and outer ____ cells are closely associated with each other and rest on the basilar membrane. They enclose and support the _____ tunnel of Corti

Answer 41

pillar | inner

Question 42

Inner and outer ____ cells are closely associated with inner and outer hair cells. These support ____ fibers that form ____ with hair cells

Answer 42

phangeal nerve synapses

Question 43

cells of ____ and ___ cells mark the inner and outer borders of the spiral organ or corti

Answer 43

hensen, border

Question 44

Auditory pathway (AP) 1: Sound strikes the ____ ____. Vibration via _____ and movement of the _____ at the ____ window disturbs _____ and deflects the _____ membrane in the _____ __ ____

Answer 44

``` tympanic membrane ossicles stapes oval perilymph basilar organ of corti ```

Question 45

AP2: The ___ cells attached to the basilar membrane move laterally in response to this deflection which causes a lateral shearing of the _____ on sensory hair cells in the organ of corti against the ____ ____.

Answer 45

pilar stereocilia tectorial membrane

Question 46

AP3: Movement of the ______ is transduced into electrical signals. This travels down the ____ nerve to the brain

Answer 46

stereocilia | cochlear

Question 47

The ____ window is the release valve of the cochlea.

Answer 47

round

Question 48

Vestibular Function (VF) 1: Endolymph movement in semicircular ducts displaces the ____ overlying the ____ ____ and causes bending of the _____ on sensory hair cells

Answer 48

cupula cristae ampullares Steroecilia

Question 49

VF2: Endolymph movement in saccules and utricles displaces _____. Displacement is transmitted to the ____ via the overlying gelatinous layer, causing bending of stereocilla on sensory hair cells

Answer 49

otoliths | maculae

Question 50

VF3: Movement of _____ is transduced into electrical impulses, which are transmitted to the brain via _____ nerve fibers. (balance)

Answer 50

sterocilia | vestibular

Question 51

_____ _____ is due to a lesion in nerves transmitting impulses from the organ of corti.

Answer 51

nerve deafness

Question 52

In conductive hearing loss, hearing loss occurs prior to the ____ ____. It can be due to a defect in sound wave conduction, inflammation of the middle ear (____ _____), or ostosclerosis in the middle ear.

Answer 52

oval window | ostitis media

Question 53

You can test for conductive hearing loss using _____ _____. When a tuning fork is touched to the head, vibrations conduct directly to the ____ through the bone. A person with conductive hearing loss (can or cannot) detect tuning fork sounds as well as someone with normal hearing.

Answer 53

bone conduction cochlea can