September 17 - Scholarship and Survey

Question 1

Aphemia

Answer 1

Reduced Vocabulary and speechless

Distinguished by Broca from amnesia;

Question 2

Amensia

Answer 2

Loss of the association between idea and words

Distinguished by Broca from amnesia;

Question 3

Hughling Jackson

Answer 3

Propositionality - When we use language for meaningful purpose its not the loss of the word, its the loss of communication

Superior & inferior languages
Superior = communication language
Inferior = Social words, rote language

Verbal apraxia as a discrete deficit
Anatomical hierarchy of motor functions

Question 4

Wepman

Answer 4

Refined definition of aphasia - its not only a language impairment but affects the entire personality

Question 5

Wernicke

Answer 5

Storage for auditory images

Question 6

Schuell

Answer 6

Theory that no longer exists

Group 1 = simple aphasia - most potential for recovery
Group 2 = aphasia is complicated by “central involvement of visual processes”
Group 3 = simple aphasia + sensorimotor involvement
Group 4 = simple aphasia + visual involvement and dysarthria
Group 5 = Global aphasia

Question 7

Syndrome

Answer 7

Group of findings occurring together with sufficient frequency suggests the presence of a disease process

Variability, inexactness, and incompleteness

Question 8

Exact Syndrome

Answer 8

Rare in aphasia as in any medical disorder

Question 9

Dorsal-Lateral Prefrontal Symptoms

Answer 9

Abstract thinking impairment
Impaired ability for multiple information
Failure to shift from a situation
Impaired error utilization - lack of self-criticism
Rigidity in problem solving

Question 10

Orbitofrontal Cortex Symptoms

Answer 10

Typically associated with TBI and tumors

Altered personality/social behaviors

Question 11

Medial Prefrontal Lobe Symptoms

Answer 11

Behavior cessation
Akinetic-Mutism - a condition of altered consciousness marked by patient appearing alert but silent and immobile; retain sleep/wake cycles; inattention
Abulia

Question 12

Abulia

Answer 12

A lack of motivation/desire to perform a task or movement; procrastination

Question 13

Inferior Parietal lobule (D)

Answer 13

Damage to the dominant (left) side causes:

Gerstmann Syndrome - agraphia, acalculia, R/L confusion, & finger agnosia
Aphasia and Acalculia

Question 14

Inferior Parietal lobule (ND)

Answer 14

Damage to the non-dominant (right) side causes:

Anosognosia - disease denial
R/L discrimination - spatial neglect of
More serious in ND lesion
Impaired expression and processing of emotions, sarcasm, humor, and idioms

Question 15

Superior Parietal lobule Bilateral Syndrome

Answer 15

Lateralization doesn’t affect this part

Damage here causes:

Cortical sensory integration
Astereognosis
Agraphesthesia
Stimulus oritentation

Orientation/Space/Location
Reading maps/identifying landmarks
Constructional Apraxia

Question 16

Temporal Syndrome - Hearing Impairments (bilateral)

Answer 16

Lesion needs to be bilateral

Question 17

Temporal Syndrome - Central Processing Deficits

Answer 17

Affects language processing, often in people with LDs, specifically auditory learning

Question 18

Temporal Syndrome - Verbal Memory

Answer 18

Left medial temporal lesions

Verbal memory is always in the left (dominant) hippocampal gyrus and parahippocampal

Question 19

Temporal Syndrome - Nonverbal Memory

Answer 19

Right medial temporal lesions

Music goes to the right side

Question 20

Aphasia

Answer 20

Occurs if lesion is on the left side

Paragrammatism (same as Wernicke's)
Word Deafness (bilateral temporal damage)

Question 21

Temporal Syndrome - Bilateral Medial Lesions

Answer 21

Loss of new learning and recent memory

Anosmia - pyriform dysfunctions

Question 22

Anosmia

Answer 22

Inability to smell

Question 23

Temporal Syndrome - Delerium

Answer 23

TEMPORARY and reversible confusion due to anoxia

Question 24

Occipital Lobe Syndromes - Visual Agnosia

Answer 24

Visual agnosia - impairment in recognition of visually presented objects

Question 25

Occipital Lobe Syndromes - Simultanagnosia

Answer 25

Combining a bunch of visual stimuli | ex. cheeks, lips, hair, eyes = face

Question 26

Occipital Lobe Syndromes - Prosopagnosia

Answer 26

Can't recognize people you should (family) Dominant temporal-occipital lobe - facial recognition brings in emotion = limbic system

Question 27

Occipital Lobe Syndromes - Color Agnosia

Answer 27

Dominant temporal-occipital lobe Visual hallucinations

Question 28

Occipital Lobe Syndromes - Alexia without Agraphia

Answer 28

Person can't read, but can write

Question 29

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model

Answer 29

A model based on Associative-connective model that says all association areas are connected to the network of fibers. Non-limbic association dependence. 4 Areas of the Brain Angular Gyrus = Converts graphemes to phonological representations Wernicke's Area = Signal initiation in arcuate fasciculus Broca's Area = Appropriate atric program activation Arcuate Fasciculus = Connects B's and W's

Question 30

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Rating

Answer 30

8 speech/language features : 1. Articulatory agility 2. Phrase length 3. Grammatical forms 4. Melodic line-prosody 5. Word finding relative to fluency 6. Paraphasia in running speech 7. Sentence repetition 8. Auditory Comprehension

Question 31

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Neurolinguistic Explanations

Answer 31

``` Spontaneous Speech Repetition Comprehension of Speech Comprehension of Printed Material Gestural Response ```

Question 32

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Spontaneous Speech

Answer 32

Idea generation and linguistic formulation Lexical selection: midtemporal/parietal lobe Coded sentences (phonology/semantics/grammar) projection to premotor cortex - Broca's area Coding into movement sequence - Broca's area changes all these codes into movement sequences Movement sequences pattern to corticonuclear fibers for activating articulators Regulated by cranial nerves

Question 33

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Repetition

Answer 33

Arcuate fasciculus circuitry function Perception and discrimination of stimuli in the primary auditory cortex Coded message projection to W's area for meaning extraction Coded message to B's area Transcoding in motor movements

Question 34

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Comprehension of Speech

Answer 34

Occurs in the Primary Auditory Cortex Wernicke's area - Associative language cortex Inferior parietal lobe - integration of prior knowledge

Question 35

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Comprehension of Printed Material

Answer 35

Starts in the Visual cortex Visual association cortex Mid temporal and occipitotemporal area - meaning extraction and object recognition Angular Gyrus - cross modality integration of auditor image for reading aloud

Question 36

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Gestural Response

Answer 36

Neural commands from W's and B's areas to premotor cortex for hand Premotor to the motor cortex - dominant and non-dominant - Use left PM cortex and send that info down to your extremities Projections from the spinal cord

Question 37

Temporal syndrome

Answer 37

``` Bilateral hearing Central processing deficits Verbal memory Nonverbal memory Aphasia (left lesion) Loss of new learning & anosmia (bilateral medial lesion) Delirium ```

Question 38

Agraphesthesia

Answer 38

Disorientation to sensation on skin (can't identify a letter drawn on the skin)

Question 39

Adynamia

Answer 39

Loss of strength or vigor | Associated with transcortical motor aphasia