Session 1 Flashcards
(13 cards)
Globalization
–“The intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” (Giddens 1990: 64)
–“The expanding scale, growing magnitude, speeding up and deepening impact of transcontinental flows and patterns of social interaction” (Held & McGrew 2002: 1)
–In short: growing interconnectedness/interdependence/increased speed
–Has lead to more degrees of freedom for movement of labor, goods, capital
–Rapidly changing, highly intertwined global business environment knowledgeable employees crucial resource, especially if they are able to ‘span boundaries’ through their competences
Main drivers of globalization
–Increased customer demands and access to competing products and services
–Increased technological innovation and application
–Increased power and influence of emerging markets and economies.
–Shared R&D and global sourcing
–Increased globalization of financial markets
–Evolving government trade policies
TRADITIONAL VIEWS OF MANAGEMENT
- Traditional views of management emphasize the coordination and control of people, materiel, and processes to achieve specific organizational objectives as efficiently and effectively as possible
- The roles and routines of managers are assumed to be the same all over the world
- This line of reasoning downplays the significant role cultural differences can play in both the conceptualization
- What we know about management practices is largely based on research done in Western companies
GLOBAL MANAGERS
someone who works with or through people across national boundaries to accomplish global corporate objectives
Three categories of Global Manager
–Expatriates
–Frequent flyers
–Virtual managers
Global Management Skills consist of 2 competences, explain!
Managerial Competence : planning, organizing, controlling, directimg, and coordinating within a culture
Multicultural competence : understanding and working effectively accross cultures
Definition if CULTURE
–Culture is the shared ideas about what’s normal and desirable that are often represented in artifacts and which produce behavioral regularity and group homogeneity
pitfall of cultural essentialism
“[Culture] does not cause behaviour, but summarizes an abstraction from it, and is thus neither normative nor predictive” (Baumann 1996: 11)
Key characteristics of culture
–Shared by members of a group
–Learned through membership
–Influences attitudes and behaviors of group members and the way they think others should behave
Culture and normative behavior, what are the examples?
Influence of culture on nirmative behavior
–In the West, bank customers expect to receive interest on their deposits. In Islamic banking, the Qur’an prohibits paying or receiving interest; this is seen as taking advantage of others who are less fortunate. Instead, bank customers entrust funds to banks in exchange for profit-sharing (mudaraba).
–In the West, stock market transactions are open to investments and speculation in almost anything. Under Islamic law, only investments in economic activities that are consistent with the values of Islam are acceptable (halal).
FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE
Culture provides its members with:
–Self identity: Who am I?
–Belongingness and social support: Where do I belong?
–Guidelines for behavior: What should I do or not do?
–Sense of purpose: Why am I here?
–Predictability and security: What will happen to me?
Definition of Context, Space, and Time based on Hall.
Context: extent to which the context of the message is as important as the message itself.
Space : extent to which people are comfortable sharing space with others
Time: extent to which people approach one task at a time or multiple tasks simultaneously.
Explain 9 points of Globe Project
Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, humane orientation, institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism, assertiveness, gender egalitarianism, future orientation, performance orientation.
