Session 3 Flashcards
(8 cards)
Enlarging the meaning of “culture”
•As networks of systematically diverse principles of action/understanding
•as root metaphors for organization
•As artifacts and communications
•As adaptive systems rooted in social contexts
•As knowledge structures activated by situational factors
•Continuously negotiated meanings of belonging
•As shared mental models or converging knowledge networks
Conclusion: various levels or between them, diverse forms (meanings, contexts. principles of action, etc.)
Identifying assumptions about culture
- Cultures and values as stable entities (questioned by pointing out alterating forces )
- Modernization (with local twist)
- Convergence (with tacit formatting)
- Globalization (with unchecked flows)
- Glolocalization (interactive responses)
- Cultures are not:;
- cognitive only (bodies, emotions)
- Immutable (changes, creativity)
- Bounded (mobility, connectivity)
- Coherent (often contradictory)
- Unified (fragmented)
Embracing more complex forms of culture
•Culture is not exogeneous, monolithic, not a force imprinting itself upon society but is permanently under construction as individuals navigate, understand & act in organizational contexts
Factors influencing dynamic transformations of cultures:
- Increased international trade
- Expanded multinational businesses
- World Wide Web extensions
- (Re-)Negotiated meanings of;
- Organization, management, public management, performance, etc.
- Identities (national, personal, etc.)
- Social classes (middle or?)
- Work units/networks
- Movimenti-zation & mobilization of individuals, groups, organizations & societies
- The birth of value our of the spirit of interaction (rituals & innoivations):
Dynamic view of cultural influence
chronic cultural forces (e.g. ethnicity) plus situational forces (incidental exposure) via cognitions (promotion vs prevention goals) towards decision outcomes (judgments, choices)
Hofstedian approach
survey-based, statistically derived empirical theory (MODERNIST, NEOPOSITIVIST)
Post-Hofstedian approaches
studies of cosumer & employee behaviors, international marketing strategies, OB, OC, OD, OT (interpretative tradition)
The evolution of Hofstede doctrine (Minkov)
- The first collection of data demonstrating that national culture constrains rationality in organizational behavior and management philosophy and practices, and in society at large
- Inductive approach
