Session 1 Flashcards
(35 cards)
Why is your left kidney higher than your right?
On the right your liver pushes in down
How to palpate the right kidney?
Superior pole is on the he same level as the 12th rib
Where are the inferior poles of the kidney?
L= L2/3
R= L3/4
As left is higher
What’s the trig one of the bladder?
It’s made from the two entry points of the ureters and the internal urethral orifice. The area is sensitive to expansion on signals to the brain when too much.
Relationship with ureter and Vas deferens/uterine artery?
The ureter runs posteriorly.
Describe blood supply to the kidneys in detail
Renal artery enters via the hilum. It splits anteriorly and posterirorly and then divides into 5 different paths.arcuate arteries provide the corticomedullary junction which branch into interlobular arteries for the cortex which give rise to afferent arterioles which-lead to glomerular capillaries.
Describe the functional unit of the kidney
The nephron (glomerulus and a tubule).
Role of efferent arterioles in superficial portion of the cortex?
Origin of peritubular network supplying oxygen and nutrients to tubules in cortex.
What determines the glomerular pressure?
The afferent/efferent arterioles tone controlled by chemical mediators and a sympathetic system.
Juxtamedullary nephrons role and notes?
Only 10% of blood perfumes them, in junction of cortex and medulla. Supplied by small arcuate artery branches. Efferent arterioles go to renal papillae to form vasa recta vessels. Which provides capillary networks for medulla. And joins arcuate/interlobular veins.
What muscles are kidneys on top of on x Ray?
Psoas major
Kidney’s relationship in peritoneal cavity?
They are retroperitoneal
What level is hilum at?
L1
What’s the renal angle?
Portion of kidney created by 12th rib and erector spinae muscle
Describe 2 types of renal fascia
Pararenal- next to the kidneys
Perirenal- around the kidneys
Structure and role of ureter?
SM fibres propelling urine to bladders. Lateral to tips of lumbar transverse processes. Beyond pelviureteric junction it splits into three (abdominal,pelvic,intramural)
Most common area of ureter injury? And what artery is by it?
Pelvic brim/common iliac artery.
Describe the intramural segment of the ureter
Passes obliquely through bladder wall preventing reflux. Ability because it coalesces with bundles of detrusor muscle pre wall.
What is the lumen of theureter coated with?
Urothelium
2 important urethral sphincters? And roles?
IUS= stops retrograde ejaculate
EUS= provides continence
4 types of urethra after bladder?
Prostatic
Membranous
Bulbous
Penile
Which part of kidney are glomeruli found?
Cortex
Compare cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons 5 points at least
Cortical- outer part of cortex, small, 90% of blood, short loop of henle just into medulla, forms peritubular capillaries, rich sympathetic and renin.
Juxtamedullary- inner part at medulla junction,big, 10% of blood, long loop of henle into outer medulla, forms vas’s recta, poor sympathetic and renin.
What makes kidneys vulnerable to ischaemia damage?
There high cardiac output
