Session 4 - Part II Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are determinants of health?
A range of factors that have a powerful and cumulative effect on health of the population because they shape behaviours and environmental risk factors eg Age, Sex, Social networks, Socioeconomic status, Lifestyle
What are the principles of health promotion?
Empowering Participatory Holistic Intersectoral Equitable Sustainable Multi - strategy
What are some of the implications of health promotion?
Radical social change
Enabling individuals to increase control over determinants of health
Health promotion happens within and outwith the health sector
What did the global health promotion update state?
It is the core responsibility of all governments
All governments should work together
Key focus of communities and civil societies
What does Public health focus on?
The prevention and protection of consequences
What does Health promotion focus on?
A way of achieving good health via health education and healthy public policy
What are the 5 approaches of Health promotion?
Medical/preventative (Encourage early detection & treatment)
Behaviour change (Links closely to Educational)
Educational (Providing information)
Empowerment (Patient centered and driven)
Social change (Laws& policies to try and promote healthier social norms)
What are the 3 levels of prevention?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
What is Primary prevention?
Aims to prevent the onset of disease or injury by reducing the exposure to risk factors
What is Secondary prevention?
Aims to detect and treat a disease (or its risk factors) at an early stage (prevent progression)
What is Tertiary prevention?
Aims to minimise the effects of an established disease
What are the Dilemmas associated with Health promotion?
Ethics of interfering in people's lives Victim blaming Fallacy of empowerment (Giving people information does not give them power) Reinforcing of negative stereotypes Unequal distribution of responsibility Prevention paradox
What is the Prevention paradox?
Interventions that make a difference at the population level might not have much effect on the individual
How can lay beliefs effect health promotion?
If people don’t see themselves as a candidate
Anomalies to the health promotion cause people to disbelieve the health promotions
What is evaluation of health promotion campaigns?
The rigorous and systematic collection of data to assess the effectiveness of a programme in achieving predetermined objects
Why should we evaluate health promotion campaigns?
Need for evidence based interventions
Accoutability
Ethical obligation
Programme development and management
What are the types of health promotion evaluation?
Process
Impact
Outcome
What is Process evaluation?
Focuses on assessing the process of the programme
Aka formative/illuminative evaluation
Employs a wide range of mainly qualitative methods (Usually interviews with people who developed it)
What is Impact evaluation?
Assess the immediate effects of the intervention (How have the behaviour/attitudes changed since the campaign began)
More popular choice as easier to do
What is Outcome evaluation?
Measures long term consequences
Measures what is achieved
Timing of evaluation can influence the outcome (eg Delay - Some promotions may take a long time to have an effect. Decay - Some interventions wear off rapidly)
What are the difficulties of evaluation?
Demonstrating an attribute effect is difficult because -
1) Design of the intervention
2) Possible lag time to effect
3) Many potential intervening or concurrent confounding factors
4) High cost of evaluation research (Studies are likely to be large scale and long term)
