Session 5

Question 1

What is the Sociological theory on chronic illness?

Answer 1

Illness narratives

Work of Chronic illness

Question 2

What is an Illness narrative?

Answer 2

Refer to the story telling and accounting practices that occur in the face of illness
Offer a way of making sense

Question 3

What is Illness work?

Answer 3

Things that have to be done to manage the symptoms. Central is dealing with the physical manifestations

Question 4

How can bodily changes effect self conception changes?

Answer 4

The self image changes as the patient cannot do all of the things they did before. This must occur before changing of social relationships

Question 5

Define Coping

Answer 5

Cognitive process involved in dealing with illness

Question 6

Define Strategy

Answer 6

Actions and processes involved in managing the condition and its impact

Question 7

What is a form of coping with chronic illnesses?

Answer 7

Normalisation (Attempt to carry on life like before diagnosis)

Question 8

What is Emotional work?

Answer 8

Work that people do to protect the emotional well-being of others, maintaining normal activities becomes deliberate

Question 9

What is Biographical work?

Answer 9

Loss of self; the old image is gone without simultaneous development of equally valued new one

Question 10

What is Biographical disruption?

Answer 10

Major disruption occurs to their lives

New consciousness of body and fragility evolves with grief for former life

Question 11

What is the Biographocal readjustment of the elderly?

Answer 11

See chronic illness as part of getting older so see it as a normal trajectory instead of an abnormal one.

Question 12

What 4 dilemmas does ‘loss of self’ cause?

Answer 12

Scrutiny of reactions of others for signs of discreditation
Foster dependence on others
Relationships harder to maintain as illness progresses even though require more help
Inability to ‘do’ leads to loss of social life

Question 13

What is a Discreditable stigma?

Answer 13

The illness cannot be seen, but the patient is worried what will happen if people find out

Question 14

What is a Discredited stigma?

Answer 14

Physically visible characteristic or well known stigma which sets them apart. Patient may feel like people are judging them.

Question 15

What is an Enacted stigma?

Answer 15

The real experience of prejudice, discrimination and disadvantage due to a condition

Question 16

What is a Felt stigma?

Answer 16

Fear of an enacted stigma as well as encompassing a feeling of shame about having a condition - Selective concealment

Question 17

What is Narrative reconstruction?

Answer 17

The patient reconstructs their self in a way that attempts to explain the illness.
A way of making sense of their condition

Question 18

What is The Expert patient programme?

Answer 18

Take patients with a long term condition and train them so they can teach other patients.
It is patient led

Question 19

What are the positives of The Expert patient programme?

Answer 19

Patient centred
Aims to reduce hospital admissions
Coping and condition management skills are taught

Question 20

What are the negatives of The Expert patient programme?

Answer 20

The responsibility of care is placed on ill patients
Debatable over whether they have real understanding
There is little evidence of efficiency savings

Question 21

How can you manage patients at a distance?

Answer 21

Allow them to self manage.

Telemedicine - patient reports findings each day then you decide what to do

Question 22

What are the negatives of self management?

Answer 22

Patients can become obsessed over measuring

There is mixed evidence over effectiveness

Question 23

What are the 2 main models of Disability?

Answer 23

Medical

Social

Question 24

What is the Medical model of Disability?

Answer 24

Disability is deviation from the medical norms
Needs medical intervention to cure/help
Disadvantages are a direct consequence of impairment and disabilities

Question 25

What is the Social model of Disability?

Answer 25

Problems are a product of the environment and failure of the environment to adjust
Disability is a form of social oppression as the environments are not adapted
Political action and social change is needed

Question 26

What is the critique of the Medical model of Disability?

Answer 26

There is a lack of psychological and social factors

Stereotypes and stigmatizing language used

Question 27

What is the critique of the Social model of Disability?

Answer 27

Body is left out
Overly drawn view of society
Failure to recognise bodily realities and the extent to which these are solvable socially

Question 28

What is the ICIDH?

Answer 28

International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities or Handicaps
Attempts to classify consequences of disease
One state may not lead to another
No relationship between severity of impairment and resulting disability or handicap

Question 29

What are the 3 concepts offered by the ICIDH?

Answer 29

Impairment - Concerned with abnormalities in the structure or functioning of body
Disability - Concerned with performance of activities
Handicap - Concerned with broader social and psychological consequences of living with impairment and disability

Question 30

What are the issues with ICIDH?

Answer 30

Problematic use of the term ‘Handicap’
Implies problems are intrinsic or inevitable
Embodied many features of the medical model

Question 31

What is the International Classification of Functions, Disability and Health?

Answer 31

WHO’s framework for measuring health and disability at both the individual and population level

Question 32

What are the key components of the International Classification of Functions, Disability and Health?

Answer 32

Body structures and functions and impairments
Activities undertaken by the individual and any difficulties/limitations experienced
Participation or involvement in life situations which mat become restricted