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Body Logistics > Session 6: Epithelial Tissues And Exocrine Glands > Flashcards

Session 6: Epithelial Tissues And Exocrine Glands Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What are mucous membranes?

A

Membranes that line certain internal tubes which open to the exterior and bear mucus secreting cells

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2
Q

What layers do mucous membranes consist of?

A
  • epithelium (lines the lumen)
  • connective tissue “lamina propria”
  • smooth muscle “muscularis mucosae”
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3
Q

Aggregates of lymphocytes, known as ____________ are present in which layer of the alimentary tract?

A

Peyer’s patches

Connective tissue layer “Lamina propria”

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4
Q

How do serous membranes differ from mucous membranes?

A

They are thin, two layered membranes which line certain CLOSED cavities rather than spaces that open to the exterior

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5
Q

Serous membranes envelope the _________

A

Viscera

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6
Q

Serous membrane and __________ can be used interchangeably

A

Serosae

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7
Q

Serous membranes line what?

A

The peritoneum (many abdominal organs)
The pleural sacs (lungs)
The pericardial sac (heart)

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8
Q

Serous membranes secrete _________, __________ fluid to promote friction-free movement of the structures they surround.

A

Watery

Lubricating

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9
Q

What two layers does the serous membrane consist of?

A
  • Simple squamous epithelium “mesothelium”

- Connective tissue layer

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10
Q

The connective tissue layer of serous membranes connects to what?

A

Epithelium of adjacent tissues

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11
Q

The connective tissue layer of serous membranes carries what?

A

Blood vessels and nerves

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12
Q

True of false: Heart, lungs and gut develop and lie within the serious cavity.

A

False!! They invaginate the cavity during development so are surrounded by it, not contained within it.
(Balloon analogy)

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13
Q

The inner layer of the serous cavity is known as the what?

A

Visceral Serosa

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14
Q

The outer layer of the serous cavity is known as the what?

A

Parietal Serosa

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15
Q

What are epithelia?

A

Sheets of contiguous cells that cover the external surface of the body and line internal surfaces

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16
Q

Simple epithelia are ____ cell(s) thick

A

One

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17
Q

Stratified epithelia are __________ cell(s) thick

A

More than one

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18
Q

Simple epithelia can be what four types?

A

Squamous- thin and flat
Cuboidal- cuboid shaped
Columnar- taller than they are wide
Pseudostratisfied- look stratified (more than one layer) but all attach to BM so are classed as “simple”

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19
Q

Stratified epithelia can be subdivided into what four types?

A

Squamous- thin and flat
Cuboidal- cuboid shaped
Columnar- taller than they are wide
Transitional- Can look squamous or columnar depending on how they are stretched

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20
Q

What area of the body are transitional stratifies epithelia confined to?

A

Urinary Tract

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21
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

The thin, flexible acellular layer which lies between epithelial cells and the subtending connective tissue

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22
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane?

A

provides a strong, flexible layer for cells to adhere to and serves as a cellular and molecular filter

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23
Q

The simple squamous epithelium lining all vascular elements is known as what?

A

Endothelium

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24
Q

What is mesothelium?

A

The simple squamous epithelium that lines the pleural sac, the pericardial sac and the peritoneum

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25
Endothelium can exchange ______ and _______ and allow certain blood cells to enter the tissues
gasses | nutrients
26
Give 4 or some locations of simple squamous epithelium
``` Lining blood and lymph vessels (endothelium) Linking body cavities (mesothelium) Pulmonary alveoli Bowman's capsule Loop of Henle ```
27
Give 4 functions of simple squamous epithelium
Active transport by pinocytosis Lubrication (mesothelium) Barrier (Bowman's capsule) Gas exchange (Pulmonary alveoli)
28
Simple cuboidal epithelium are located where?
Thyroid follicles Small ducts of many exocrine glands Kidney tubules Surface of the ovary
29
What are some functions of the simple cuboidal epithelium at the locations in which they are found?
Absorption and conduit (Exocrine glands) Absorption and secretion (Kidney tubules) Barrier/covering (Ovary surface) Hormone synthesis, storage and metabolisation (Thyroid)
30
Simple columnar epithelium are found where?
``` Stomach lining and gastric glands Small intestines and colon Gallbladder Large ducts of the exocrine glands Oviducts Uterus ```
31
What are some of the functions of simple columnar epithelium at their specific locations
Absorption (Small intestine, colon and gallbladder) Secretion (Stomach lining and gastric glands, small intestine, colon) Lubrication (Small intestine and colon) Transport (Oviduct)
32
Pseudostratified epithelia are found where?
Respiratory tract: Lining the nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi Epididymis and ductus deferens Auditory tube Lacrimal sac
33
What are the functions of pseudostratified epithelia in their specific location?
Secretion and conduit (Respiratory tract) Absorption (Epididymis) Mucus secretion (Respiratory tract) Particle trapping and removal (Respiratory tract)
34
What type of epithelia are found at moist locations in the body?
Stratified squamous NON-KERATINIZED epithelia
35
What locations can stratified squamous NON-KERATINIZED epithelia be found?
``` Oral cavity Oesophagus Larynx Vagina Part of the anal canal Surface of the cornea Inner surface of the eyelid ```
36
What are the 2 main functions of stratified squamous NON-KERATINIZED epithelia?
Protection against abrasion | Reduction of water loss whilst remaining moist
37
What type of epithelia make up the EPIDERMIS?
Stratified squamous KERATINIZED epithelium
38
Where are the keratinized cells of the epidermis found and how do they differ from living epidermal cells?
Outer most layers | They lose their nuclei, die and become 'keratinized'
39
The epidermis sits on a basement membrane, below which is the _________
dermis
40
The outer most layer of the epidermis is made up of what? Followed by what? Then what?
dead keratinized epidermal cells living epidermal cells dermis of connective tissue
41
The epidermis is mainly made up of which cells and their products?
Keratinocytes
42
What are the four layers of the epidermis? | Give their latin names also
``` Horny layer (Stratum corneum) Granular layer (Stratum granulosum) Prickle cell layer Basal Layer (Stratum Basale) ```
43
In which layer does keratinocyte mitosis mainly occur?
Basal Layer
44
Keratinocytes move up through the layers from which layer? | They undergo terminal differentiation at which layer?
Basal Layer | Prickle Cell Layer
45
Keratinocytes synthesise what?
Keratins
46
Keratins contribute to what?
Strength of the epidermis
47
Keratins are the main constituents of what parts of the body?
Hair and Nails
48
Abrupt changes to keratinocytes occurs at which which layer of the epidermis?
The Granular layer
49
The Stratum Corneum (Horny layer) is mainly made up of layers of what cells?
Flattened corneocytes
50
What changes occur at the granular layer of the epidermis?
The keratinocytes lose their plasma membrane | The keratinocytes begin differentiating into corneocytes
51
The granular layer of the epidermis contains keratohyalin granules, which are aggregations of what three things?
keratins fibrous proteins enzymes
52
Besides keratinocytes and corneocytes, what other cells are present in the epidermis?
Melanocytes | Langerhans cells
53
Both melanocytes and Langerhans cells are what kind of cells?
Dendritic cells
54
Melanocytes are confined to which layer of the epidermis?
Basal cell layer
55
Langerhans cells are a type of specialised immune cell known as?
Professional Antigen Presenting cells
56
Melanocytes are dendritic cells that originate from where?
Neural Crest
57
Melanocytes produce what?
Melanin
58
Langerhans cells originate from where?
Bone marrow
59
Langerhans cells are found scattered through which of the epidermal cell layers?
Prickle cell layer
60
The Langerhans cells have highly specialised capacity to do what?
Present antigen to T lymphocytes
61
Where can stratified squamous keratinized epithelium be found?
The surface of the skin | (Limited) In the oral cavity
62
What are the functions of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium?
Protection against abrasion and physical trauma Prevent water loss Prevents microbes entering the body Shields against UV light damage
63
Transitional epithelium are confined to where in the body?
The urinary tract | renal calyces, ureters, bladder, urethra
64
What are the functions of the transitional epithelium?
Distensibilty | Protection of underlying tissues from toxic chemicals
65
What is a gland?
An epithelial cell of collection of cells specialised for secretion
66
Glands can be classified by what four things?
Destination of secretion Structure of the gland Nature of the secretion Method of the discharge
67
When glands are classified by the destination of secretion what two categories do they come under?
Exocrine - glands with ducts | Endocrine - ductless glands that secrete into the bloodstream
68
When glands are classified by structure in what 6 ways can they be classified?
Unicellular or multicellular Acinar or tubular Coiled or branched
69
When classified by method of secretion, glands can be separated into what three categories?
Merocrine- exocytosis Apocrine- secreted droplets covered in plasma membrane Holocrine- whole cell breads down
70
What are the three major salivary glands known as
Parotid Submandibular Sublingual
71
Is the pancreas an exocrine or an endocrine gland?
The pancreas is BOTH an exocrine and an endocrine gland
72
What are the 5 signs of inflammation?
``` Tubor (Firmness) Rubor (Redness) "Erythema" Calor (Warmth) Dolor (Pain) Loss of Function "Functio laesa" ```
73
Pruitis is what?
Itchy skin

Body Logistics (16 decks)

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