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Pharmacology > Set 1 Medication > Flashcards

Set 1 Medication Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Opioid Receptor Agonist

A
  • morphine
  • hydromorphone
  • fentanyl
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2
Q

Binds w/mu and kappa opioid receptors in CNS

A

Opioid receptor agonist

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3
Q

morphine, hydromorphone, & fentanyl info.

A

therapeutic class: analgesic

interaction:
- risk of resp. depression w/ barbiturates, CNS depressants, MAOIs
- Anticholinergic may exacerbate GI and GU effects
- Anti HTN agents increase risk of orthostatic hypotension

OD treatment: naloxone

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4
Q

Salicylate

A

Aspirin

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5
Q

inhibits cox one and cox two but non-selective and inhibits cox one at low doses

A

Salicylate

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6
Q

Aspirin therapeutic class

A

therapeutic class: anti- inflammatory, antipyretic (reduce fever), analgesic, anti-platelet

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7
Q

Aspirin adverse effects

A
  • nausea & vomitting
  • heartburn
  • interaction with NSAID = GI bleeding
  • epigastric discomfort
  • dizziness
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8
Q

Aspirin interactions

A

anticoagulants, increased risk of hypoglycemia with oral hypoglycemic agents

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9
Q

Non-opioid

A

acetaminophen

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10
Q

acts directly on the hypothalamus to cause vasodilation and sweating; reduce fever; but not really understood

A

non-opioid

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11
Q

acetaminophen adverse effects

A
  • rash
  • fever
  • chest pain
  • liver toxicity and failure
  • myelosuppression

OD: charcol or acetylcysteine

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12
Q

acetaminophen therapeutic class

A

antipyretic and analgesic

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13
Q

acetaminophen interaction

A
  • increase risk of bleeding bleeding, liver toxicity
  • increased risk of hepatoxicity w/ cirrhosis, alc. use, barbiturates, carbamazepine, hydantoins, or rifampin
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14
Q

Opioid Receptor Agonist Antagonist

A

buprenorphine

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15
Q

partial agonist at mu receptor; weak kappa and delta antagonist

A

Opioid receptor agonist antagonist

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16
Q

buprenorphine therapeutic class

A

analgesic

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17
Q

Buprenorphine

A
  • use for pts. w/ physical dependence of opioids
  • increase risk for abstinence syndrome
    withdrawal symptoms: pain, cramping, HTN, vomiting, fever
  • risk of resp. depression increases w/ barbiturates, CNS depressants, MAOIs

OD tx: naloxone

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18
Q

opioid receptor antagonist

A

naloxone

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19
Q

pure opioid antagonist; reverses effects of opioids

A

opioid receptor antagonist

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20
Q

Naloxone info.

A
  • pts. pain will return
  • intensified pain
  • tachycardia
  • HTN
  • combativeness
  • N/V
  • headache
  • distress

give every 15 minutes as needed

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21
Q

Ergot derivative

A

ergotamine

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22
Q

interacts with adrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotonin receptors

constrict cranial blood vessels and decrease pulsations of arteries

A

ergot derivative

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23
Q

ergotamine therapeutic class

A

antimigraine drug

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24
Q

ergotamine adverse effects

A

adverse effects:
- numbness
- tingling toes/fingers
- muscle pain in extremities
- puslessness
- weakness in legs
-precodrial distress
- tachy
- brady

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25
ergotamine info.
indication: prevent or abortion of vascular headaches considerations: do not use w/ MI, angina, HTN, DM, renal impairment
26
Triptan
sumatriptan
27
serotonin agonist; constrict cranial blood vessels by binding to serotonin
triptan
28
sumatriptan adverse effects
- dizziness - vertigo - weakness - myalgia - BP alterations - tightness/pressure in chest
29
sumatriptan info.
indication: used to abort migraines with or without auras considerations: do not use with angina, HTN, MI, DM< or renal impairment
30
Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Inhibitor & Serotonin Agonist - CGRP
Galcanezumab
31
Block CGRP receptors or target the peptide directly
calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibitor
32
Galcanezumab
adverse effect: - hypersensitivity and injection site reactions therapeutic class: antimigraine indication: preventative treatment of migraines; treatment of episodic cluster headache
33
GABA Analogue
baclofen & gabapentin
34
exact mechanism unknown; inhibits monosynaptic and polysynaptic spinal reflexes; CNS depressant
GABA analogue (baclofen)
35
baclofen therapeutic class
skeletal muscle relaxant
36
baclofen caut. & adverse effects
caution: - history of epilepsy - cardiac disfunction - pregnancy/lactation Adverse effects: - CNS depression - transient drowsiness - dizziness - weakness/fatigue - constipation - headache - insomnia - urinary retention - nausea indication: alleviation of s/s spasticity; may be used in spinal cord injury/disease
37
calcium release blocker; direct acting antispasmodic
dantrolene sodium
38
interferes with the release of calcium ions in skeletal muscle
calcium release blocker
39
dantrolene sodium adverse and considerations
adverse: - drowsiness - dizziness - weakness/ fatigue - diarrhea - hepatitis - myalgia - tachy - rash - urine retention considerations: monitor liver function tests; avoid use if taking estrogen black box warning: hepatitis and deaths due to liver failure indication: control clinical spasticity resulting from upper neuron disorders
40
may bind to voltage-activated calcium channels; does not affect GABA levels but structurally related to GABA
GABA Analogue (gabapentin)
41
Gabapentin Adverse effects & therp. class
therapeutic class: antiseizure drug adverse: - drowsiness / dizziness - ataxia - N/V - avoid CNS agents - hypersensitvity w/ angioedema, eosinophilia, & systemic symptoms
42
Miscellaneous
Carbamazepine
43
desensitizes sodium channel; preventing spread of abnormal electrical charges in the brain that produces seizures
carbamazepine
44
Carbamazepine
Adverse: - drowziness / dizziness - Ataxia - N/V - CV complications - hepatitis - hematological disorders - double visions - promotes secretions of ADH -enhances liver enzyme induction
45
Carbamazepine Indications
- decreases effect of oral contraceptive, warfarin, and glucocorticoids - grapefruit juice increases levels
46
Succinimides
ethosuximide
47
Suppresses calcium
succinimides
48
Ethosuximide info.
antiseziure drug adverse - mood swings - depression - dizziness / drowsiness - myelosuppression - ataxia - sleep distrubed - hiccups precaution: - ineffective agaisnt psychomotor or tonic clonic seizures
49
Valproate; phenytoin-like drug
Valproic acid
50
increases GABA activity at inhibitory receptors and desensitize sodium channels
valproate
51
valproic acid
adverse: - CNS depression - visual disturbance - ataxia - vertigo - headache - pancreatitis indication: used for a wide range of seizure types; also used for migraines
52
Hydantoin
phenytoin
53
desensitizes sodium channel; preventing spread of abnormal electrical charges in the brain that produce seizures
hydantoin
54
phenytoin adverse & toxicity
adverse: - double vision - cognitive impairment - fatigue - tremor - headache - hypotension - N/V toxicity: - eye twitching - slurred speech - loss of balance - muscle stiffness / weakness - fainting
55
phenytoin interactions
- chronic etoh, carbamazepine, & phenobarbital decreases levels - ginko lowers med effectiveness - decreased effect of oral contraceptive, warfarin, and glucocorticoids - acute etoh, diazepam, cimetidine, and valproic acid increase phenytoin levels
56
benzodiazepine
diazepam
57
intensifies GABA in the brain, suppressing neuronal activity (like barbiturates but safer)
benzodiazepine
58
diazepam
adverse: - CNS depression - constipation - dry mouth - anorexia - urine retetnion - cardiac arrhythmias - disorientation - drug dependence - tachy & brady overdose: flumazenil (Romazicon)
59
barbiturate
phenobarbital
60
enhances the action of the GABA neurotransmitter (suppressing abnormal neuronal discharges)
barbiturate
61
phenobarbital adv. & tox.
Adverse; - dependence - CNS depression - vitamin deficiencies - increased sensitivity to pain toxicity: nystagmus, ataxia, resp. depression, comma, pinpoint pupils, HTN, death tx: supportive care, O2, vent precautions; oral might take serval weeks to work do not stop abrupty preferred drug for neonatal seizures

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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