set 2 medication Flashcards
(27 cards)
Nonselective Adrenergic Agonist
Dopamine & epinephrine
acts directly and by the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals; increase renal blood flow, heart contractility, and vasoconstriction
Nonselective Adrenergic Agonist
Dopamine
Therapeutic Class: hemodynamic imbalances; antihypotensive
Monitor HR and BP
kinetics: IV onset 1-2min
indication: corrects hemodynamic imbalances present in shock
Alpha Adrenergic Selective Agonist
Phenylephrine
postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulant causing vasoconstriction and raising BP with little effect on the beta receptors in the heart
Alpha Adrenergic Selective Agonist
Phenylephrine Therapeutic Class, indication, & Kinetics
anithypotensive; nasal, eye, ear decongestant; mydriatic
Indication: vasc. failure in shock or drug-induced hypotension; prolong spinal anesthesia; maintain BP during anesthesia; nasal congestion, middl ear infection
kinetics: IV Onset: immediate for 15-20 minutes
Topical: v little
Phenylephrine Adverse Effects
- Fear
- Anxiety
- Restlessness
- Nausea
- decreased urine
- HTN
- headache
Selective Adrenergic Blocking
Doxazosin
reduces total peripheral resistance through alpha blockade; does NOT affect HR or CO, increases HDL while lowering cholesterol levels
Selective Adrenergic Blocking
Doxazosin
indication: mild to moderate HTN & treatment of BPH
Adverse:
- HTN
- Headache
- tachy
- vertigo
- dizzy
- edema
- nausea
- retrograde ejaculation
- dyspepsia
- diarrhea
Kinetics:
Oral onset varies; 1-2 weeks for noted effect
doxazosin therapeutic class
antihypertensive; BPH agent
Direct-Acting Muscarinic Cholinergic Agonist
Bethanechol
Acts directly on cholinergic receptors to mimic effects ACH; increases tone of detrusor muscles causing emptying of the bladder
Direct-Acting Muscarinic Cholinergic Agonist
Bethanecol therapeutic class
non-obstructive urinary retention
Bethanecol Adverse Effect & Kinetics
- abdominal discomfort
- n/v
- salvation
- sweating
- flushing
Oral onset 30-90min
Direct Acting Nicotinic Cholinergic Agonist
Varenicline
Binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and acts as an agonist while preventing nicotine from binding to those receptors
Direct Acting Nicotinic Cholinergic Agonist
Varencline interaction and indication
Indication/Therapeutic Class: smoking cessation
Interaction: increased effect of ETOH
Varenicline adverse effects
- n/v
-vivid, unusual, strange dreams - constipation
- flatulence
- seizures
- mania
- hallucinations
-homicidal/suicidal idealation - skin reaction
- psychosis
-paranoia - angioedema
- neuropsychiatric events
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonist
pyridostigmine
reversible cholinesterase inhibitor that increases the level of ACH facilitating transmission at neuromuscular junction
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonist
Pyridostigmine indication and kinetics
Used for Myasthenia gravis
oral onset 35-45 min
IM onset 15 min
IV 5 minutes
duration 3-6 hours
Pyridostigmine Adverse Effect
- n/v
- brachy
- cardiac arrest
- miosis
- salivation
- dysphagia
- increased bronchial secretion
- frequent urination
- incontinence
- increased risk of GI bleed with NSAIDs
OD: Atropine
Muscarinic Cholinergic Blocker; Anticholinergic
Atropine
