Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

where sperm is produced

Answer 1

seminiferous tubules

Question 2

where sperm mature and become fully motile

Answer 2

epididymis

Question 3

carries sperm to urethra

Answer 3

vas deferens

Question 4

provide secretions to nurture and aid sperm during fertilization

Answer 4

seminal vesicles and prostate gland

Question 5

carries sperm to the outside

Answer 5

penis

Question 6

sperm and secretions move to base of penis to form semen

Answer 6

emission

Question 7

when muscles at the base of the penis contract to force semen out of the urethra

Answer 7

ejaculation

Question 8

composition of semen

Answer 8

5% sperm, 70% seminal fluid, 25% prostate fluid

Question 9

nurture developing spermatids

Answer 9

sertoli cells

Question 10

the head of the sperm which control enzymes for “entering” the egg

Answer 10

acrosome

Question 11

produce estrogen and progesterone and eggs

Answer 11

ovaries

Question 12

eggs and surrounding cells

Answer 12

follicles

Question 13

the process whereby a mature follicle erupts from the ovary and the ovum is released towards one oviduct

Answer 13

ovulation

Question 14

consists of the remaining follicle cells that will produce estrogen and progesterone for up to 2 weeks after ovulation

Answer 14

corpus luteum

Question 15

with implantation, – secrete human chronic gonadotropin, progesterone, and estrogen

Answer 15

cells covering blastocyst

Question 16

sloughing of of uterine lining (endometrium)

Answer 16

menstruation

Question 17

follicle cells that nurture developing embryo and create first barrier for sperm to reach egg

Answer 17

cumulus

Question 18

interacts with acrosome of sperm, prevents implantation of embryo in oviduct

Answer 18

zona pellucida

Question 19

sperm develops the ability to enter the egg, – enzymes digest the outer layers of the zona pellucida

Answer 19

acrosomal reaction, acrosomal

Question 20

– are stimulated by LH to produce testosterone

Answer 20

theca cells

Question 21

granulosa cells convert testosterone to estrogen via the enzyme –

Answer 21

aromatase

Question 22

– and – stimulate the growth and maturation of granulosa cells

Answer 22

estrogen and FSH

Question 23

estrogen – the expression of LH and FSH receptors on granulosa cells and become more – to LH and FSH

Answer 23

upregulates, sensitive

Question 24

granulosa cells produce –

Answer 24

inhibin

Question 25

three steps of sexual reproduction

Answer 25

gametogenesis, mating, fertilization

Question 26

gametogenesis occurs in

Answer 26

testes and ovaries

Question 27

fusions of sperm and egg plasma membranes trigger

Answer 27

blocks to polyspermy

Question 28

external fertilization is common in -- species

Answer 28

aquatic

Question 29

internal fertilization is necessary in terrestrial species and usually involves --

Answer 29

copulation

Question 30

animals lay eggs in environment and their embryos develop outside the mother's body

Answer 30

oviparous (insects, reptiles, birds)

Question 31

animals retain the embryo within the mother's body during its early developmental stages

Answer 31

viviparous (sharks and all vertebrate except crocodiles, birds, and turtles)

Question 32

fertilized eggs are retained in the mother's body until they hatch

Answer 32

ovoviviparious (garter snakes and guppy)

Question 33

What statement about human oocytes is true?

Answer 33

by birth, a human female infant has produced her lifetime supply of oocytes

Question 34

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that

Answer 34

spermatogenesis produces many gametes with meager energy reserves, whereas oogenesis produces relatively few, well-provisioned gametes

Question 35

Semen consists of

Answer 35

fructose, mucus, clotting enzymes, an active clot-dissolving enzym

Question 36

which of the following statements about ovarian and uterine cycle are true?

Answer 36

falling E and P levels induce menstruation, a sudden rise in LH induces ovulation, E levels reach highest levels in the follicular phase and P reaches highest levels in the luteal phase of ovarian cycle, E is produced by follicle cells

Question 37

If implantation occurs, blastocyst secrete --

Answer 37

hCG

Question 38

contractions of muscles in the uterine wall are stimulated by

Answer 38

oxytocin

Question 39

Which of contraceptive method is most likely to fail: rhythm method, birth control pills, diaphragm, vasectomy, condom?

Answer 39

rhythm method

Question 40

the single celled zygote must becomes a multicellular --

Answer 40

embryo

Question 41

How does cleavage in mammals from cleavage in frogs?

Answer 41

slower rate of cell division, formation of tight junctions, expression of the embryo's genome, early separation of cells that will not contribute to the embryo

Question 42

Which statement about gastrulation is true?

Answer 42

in frogs, gastrulation begins in the vegetal pole

Question 43

Which of the following was a conclusion from the experiments of Spemann and Mangold?

Answer 43

the dorsal lip of the blastopore can initiate gastrulation

Question 44

which of the following characterizes neurulation?

Answer 44

the neural tube is formed from ectoderm