Shaffers stages of attachment Flashcards
(24 cards)
AO1
when was Shaffer and Emerson’s research conducted
1964
how many participants did S+E study?
60 glasgow babies
how frequently did S+E visit the babies
every 4 weeks until they were 18 week
what questions did they ask the mothers?
what kind of behaviours their babies showed in seven every day separations e.g. caregiver leaves room (separation anxiety)
What is stage one
asocial stage
when does the asocial stage happen
from birth to 6 weeks
what is the asocial stage
babies tend to show a preference to the company of familiar people and are easily comforted by them
what is stage 2
indiscriminate attachment
when does the indiscriminate attachment stage take place
6 weeks - 6months
what is the indiscriminate stage
show preference to being with humans
also prefer the company of familiar people
don’t show separation anxiety or stranger anxiety
what is the 3rd attachment stage
specific attachment
when do specific attachments occur
from 7 months onward
what happens in the specific attachment stage
display signs of attachment towards one person (stranger anxiety)
how many of the babies primary attachment figure was their mother
65%
what is the fourth attachment stage
multiple attachments
from what age do multiple attachments take place
from 10/11 months
what happens in the multiple attachment stage
babies form secondary attachments with people they spend lots of time with (e.g. father, siblings)
what % of secondary attachments were formed within a month of primary attachment
29%
AO3
+P: external validity
participants have behaved naturally whilst being observed
- D: caregiver bias
behaviour may not have been recorded accurately
+P: real world application
day care institutions should be used during the multiple attachment stage
-P: poor evidence for the asocial stage
babies behaviours are subtle meaning they are hard to observe and hard to report back on
+P: done on a large scale
generalisable
-D: only looked at one sample with specific features
1960s working class glasgow
(temporal validity, culture bias)
