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MICRO LECTURE > Shah Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Shah Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Viruses

A

Obligate intracellular parasites; particles either DNA or RNA (not cells); cause diseases like flu, chicken-pox, common cold, and rabies

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2
Q

Microbiology

A

Study of small living things usually not observed w/o microscope individually

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3
Q

Microorganism

A

too small to be seen w/o magnification

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4
Q

microscopic

A

invisible to the naked eye

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5
Q

macroscopic

A

visible to the naked eye

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6
Q

Pathogen

A

any microorganism that causes disease

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7
Q

opportunistic pathogen

A

situation where nonpathogenic or weakly pathogenic microbes cause disease in a immunologically compromised host

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8
Q

colony

A

a macroscopic cluster of cells in a solid medium arising from the multiplication of a single cell

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9
Q

no nucleus

A

bacteria & viruses, viruses cannot reproduce unless in a cell

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10
Q

True nucleus

A

Protozoa, Algae, Fungi & Helminths

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11
Q

Protozoa

A

Ingests

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12
Q

Algae

A

Photosynthesis

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13
Q

Fungi

A

absorbs

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14
Q

Helminths

A

only animal causing disease

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15
Q

tapeworms

A

absorbs nutrients

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16
Q

roundworms

A

Eat intestines

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17
Q

Bacteria

A

single cell, prokaryotic, causative agent of Lyme disease

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18
Q

vector

A

transmits infectious agents from one host to another, usually biting, piercing such as tick, mosquito or fly

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19
Q

parasite

A

the organism that lives on or within the host which it obtains its nutrients and enjoys protection

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20
Q

Vector of Lyme Disease is a member of which group in microbiology

A

Animal

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21
Q

Secretes enzymes out of there body and into whatever host they are using, those enzymes breakdown the tissue of the host and then the organism absorbs the breakdown products, some examples of this group are single celled & multicellular

A

Fungi

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22
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

no nucleus or organelles

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23
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

True nucleus & mitochondria

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24
Q

Study of fungi

A

Mycology

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25
Classification, naming, & identification of microorganisms
Taxonomy
26
Cleaning up environmental pollution using life forms
Bioremediation
27
Designing new organisms deliberately modifying genetic structure
recombinant DNA
28
Range of human eye
1mm
29
Range of Light Microscope
1 micrometer- 100 micrometer
30
Range of electron microscope
1 nanometer- 200 micrometer
31
Ubiquitous
everywhere
32
potential pathogen
has ability to cause problem, ecoli in gut is ok but ecoli in bladder causes uti
33
Normal micro biota
bacteria in certain part of the body that does not cause problem
34
Robert Hooke 1665
term "cell"
35
Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
first observed microorganism w/ microscope he invented "father of microbiology"
36
Francisco Redi
Disapproved spontaneous generation
37
Spontaneous Generation
early belief that life can arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter
38
abiogenesis
non life
39
Edward Jenner
Small pox vaccination
40
Ignaz Semmelweis
lowered the incidence of childbirth fever by making the health care workers wash their hands with chlorinated lime
41
Joseph Lister
"Aseptic Technique" in surgery, used phenol to treat instruments, dressings and wound to control microbial growth
42
Louis Pasteur
Disapproved spontaneous generation, credited for initiating "Aseptic Technique" in the laboratory, proved microbes are everywhere & can't negotiate curves
43
Biogenesis
living things can only arise from other living things
44
Robert Koch
developed a series of experimental steps that proved that a particular microorganism caused a specific disease; studied the bacterium bacterium Bacillus anthracis, identified cause of anthrax, TB, and cholera
45
Angelina Hesse
Used "Agar" to culture bacteria
46
Hans Christian Gram
Gram stain procedure divides all bacteria into 2 possible groups based on cell wall composition
47
Paul Ehrlich
Father of Chemotherapy "magic bullet" target bacteria w/o harming healthy cells; instead discovered the synthetic arsenic derivative Salvarsan that was an effective tx for syphilis
48
Alexander Fleming
First observed the antimicrobial ability of the mold penicillium
49
Rebecca Lancefield
Streptococcal Classification system based on a surface antigens group A strep group B strep
50
Discovered ATB Streptomycin
Selman Waksman
51
Endosymbiotic Hypothesis, prokaryotic cell engulfed another prokaryotic cell creating a eukaryotic cell
Lynn Margulis
52
process of assigning names to the various taxonomic rankings of each microbial species
nomenclature; developed by Carolus Linnaeus father of taxonomy
53
Levels of Classification
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
54
Rules for writing scientific names
May underline or italicize, Capitalize first letter
55
Woese arranged organisms into 3 domains based on this criterion
rRNA sequencing
56
Woese classified the prokaryotes that lives in extreme environments such as in glaciers, deep see vents, and hot sulfur in
Dormain Archae
57
Sexual/ Asexual, Animals plants fungi protozoa algae, cell wall-plants(cellulose) fungi(chitin) animals (no), sterols, 80S, Complex, 2.0-100um, nucleus
Eukaryotes
58
Asexual, bacteria, no organelles, cell wall-peptidoglycan, no sterols, ribosomes 70S, simple, no nucleus, 0.5-3.0um
Prokaryotic
59
Members of the same genus and species that have mutated to be significantly different than other members of the species are called by this special term e.g. E.coli 0157:H7 & Influenzavirus H1N1
Strain
60
Bergey's Manual of Systemic Bacteriology 2nd edition
rRNA
61
Term used to describe spherical bacteria arranged in pairs
Diplococci
62
Term used to describe rod-shaped bacteria arranged in chains
Streptobacilli
63
Flexible bacteria that resemble corkscrews and move by means of endoflagella (axial filaments)
Spirochete
64
Identification aid that contains a series of paired statements that can be used to help identify an organism
Dichotomous Key
65
Spherical bacteria that divide in multiple plains forming grapelike clusters are called
Staphylococci

MICRO LECTURE (17 decks)

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