Short Answers

Question 1

Compare and contrast the Innate (non-specific) immune response with the Adaptive (specific) Immune response. Make sure you include the active components of each and how they work.

Question 2

Explain how an Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) works and why is it important.

Question 3

Compare and contrast the Primary Immune Response to the Secondary Immune response.

Question 4

How is Stomach acid made in Parietal Cells.

Question 5

Explain how digestion is controlled extrinsically (Cephallic, Gastric and Intestinal)

Question 6

List the fat soluble and water soluble vitamins. Which group can become toxic and why?

Question 7

How does water return to the blood from the Proximal Convoluted Tubule?

Question 8

How does water return to the blood from the Loop of Henle (Counter Current Multiplier)?

Question 9

How do the kidneys respond when the blood pH becomes acidotic?

Question 10

Explain how X-linked inheritance differs from inheritance of autosomal traits, and why the inheritance pattern of X-linked traits differs in males and females.

Question 11

Describe the two processes that result in fully functional Spermatozoa.

Question 12

Describe the Menstrual cycle and focus on what happens in the folicular and luteal phases as well as what hormones control are involved.

Question 13

List the organ systems derived from the primitive tissues of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Question 14

List the factors that stimulate the first breath after birth and explain why a newborn’s first breath has to be forceful.