Short Answers Flashcards
(25 cards)
What work did Gregor Mendel do, and how is it significant to the study of genetics?
Discovered how heredity works, without his experiments, we wouldn’t understand genetics the way we do today.
Explain the differences between a genotype and a phenotype
Genotype - genetic makeup of plants
Phenotype - how an organism works
What are the 2 important conclusions that Mendel made?
Two conclusions are principle of segregation and the principle of independent assortment
What’s the principle of dominance
2 different alleles in a trait are present, the dominant allele will mask the effect of recessive allele.
What do the terms heterozygous and homozygous mean?
Heterozygous - 2 different alleles for a trait (Aa)
Homozygous - 2 of the same alleles for a trait (AA or aa)
What is the law of segregation?
2 alleles for each character that separates during the formation of gametes (sex cells)
What is the law of independent assortment
Each pair of alleles segregates into gametes independently of one another
How is a test cross useful?
It figures out the genotype of an organism that shows the dominant trait.
What’s the difference between mono hybrid or dihybrid
Mono hybrid - one gene pair of contrasting traits
Dihybrid - an unknown genotype with an organism with a homozygous recessive
What are polygenic traits?
Traits that are controlled by multiple genes not just one
What are sex-linked traits and how do they present themselves in humans
Sex chromosomes in humans; XX (female) and XY (male)
What is polyploidy
An organism that has more than two sets of chromosomes, instead of the usual two
What is the field of forensics
The use of science to solve crimes
Ex: fingerprints, DNA, and clues
What is evolution?
The changes of events/things overtime
What’s is artificial selection?
When humans breeds animals/plants for specific traits like size, color, and behaviour.
What is natural selection?
The process of living things that are better suited for their environment to survive and have more babies.
What is speciation?
The development of a new species
Which principle can be used to predict gene frequencies?
Hardy-Weinberg to predict genotypes and allele frequencies in a population
5 assumptions of the hardy-Weinberg theory?
No mutations
Random mating
No natural selection
No migration
Large population size
What is extinction?
The death of an entire species
What is co evolution?
Mutual influence of two or more species who interact with one another in close environment proximity.
What is gradualism?
The theory of natural selection that describes gradual evolution
What is punctual equilibrium
Evolutionary change that takes place during short periods of time
What factors are used to determine evidence of evolution?
Fossil record, geographic distribution, by example, anatomy, comparative embryology, biochemistry and DNA
