Vocabulary Flashcards
(61 cards)
when the trait that is hidden unless two copies of the gene are present.
Recessive
a trait that is always shown
Dominant
created by the crossing of pure strains of organisms.
Hybrids
Genetic makeup of plants
Genotype
How an organism looks
Phenotype
PP
Homozygous Dominant
Pp
Heterozygous
pp
Homozygous recessive
A plant that contains two different genes for the same trait
Heterozygous
States that the two alleles for each character segregate (separate) during the formation of gametes (sex cells).
Ex: heterozygous purple pea plant, Pp, would produce P and p gametes.
Law of Segregation
each pair of alleles segregates into gametes independently of one another.
Ex: A pea plant with genotype YyRr makes four gametes (YR, Yr, yR, yr) because the alleles separate independently.
Law of Independent Assortment
a table showing the possiblegene combinations resulting from a specific cross
Punnett Square
when one trait completely hides the other. You only see the dominant trait, even if there’s one copy of it.
Complete dominance
how traits look (physical appearance) in offspring.
Phenotypic ratio
ratio of the gene combinations (genotypes) in offspring.
Genotypic ratio
The likelihood that a certain event will happen
Probability
involves one gene pair of contrasting traits. The example used in explaining complete dominance was a ?? Cross
Mono hybrid cross
Crossing an organism of an unknown genotype with an organism with a homozygous recessive genotype
Test cross
When two traits are considered in the crossing
Dihybrid cross
FOIL method, usually known as YyRr
Determine sex cells
F- Ye
O- Yr
I- yr
L- yr
FOIL METHOD
a gene has more than two possible forms (alleles), but an individual still only gets two.
Ex: Blood type is controlled by three alleles—A, B, and O
Multiple alleles
the resulting offspring show characteristics of both parents
Codominance
Used when the result is a new and different trait because both genes are combined and shown together as a new phenotype.
Incomplete Dominance
