Shoulder

Question 1

What type of joint is the shoulder?

Answer 1

Ball and socket

Question 2

What bones make up the shoulder?

Answer 2

Humerus

Scapula

Question 3

What is the ball of the shoulder joint?

Answer 3

Head of the humerus

Question 4

What is the socket of the shoulder joint?

Answer 4

Glenoid fossa on the scapula

Question 5

What is the anterior process on the scapula?

Answer 5

Coracoid process

Question 6

What is the posterior process on the scapula?

Answer 6

Acromion process

Question 7

What makes the shoulder unstable?

Answer 7

Shallow glenoid fossa
Disproportion of articular surfaces
Multiplanar movements
Lax capsule

Question 8

How is stability achieved in the shoulder?

Answer 8

Rotator cuff muscles
Ligaments
Capsule

Question 9

What are the attachments of the shoulder capsule?

Answer 9

Glenoid labrum + margins of glenoid fossa
Anatomical neck of humerus
Bridges the intertubular groove

Question 10

Where is there a small opening of the capsule?

Answer 10

Anteriorly

Question 11

Why is there a small opening?

Answer 11

Synovial membrane of shoulder joint communicates with supscapular bursa

Question 12

What does the synovial membrane line in the shoulder?

Answer 12

Capsule
Intracapsular bone - up to edge of articular cartilage
Tendon of long head of biceps in joint cavity

Question 13

What are the intracapsular ligaments?

Answer 13

3 gleno-humeral ligaments

• superior
• middle
• inferior

Question 14

Where do the the gleno-humeral ligaments lie?

Answer 14

From glenoid labrum to the humerous

Question 15

What is the function of the gleno-humeral ligaments?

Answer 15

Reinforce the capsule anteriorly

Question 16

What are the extracapsular ligaments?

Answer 16

Coracoacromial ligament
Coracohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament

Question 17

Where does the coracoacromial ligament run?

Answer 17

Between acromion and coracoid process

Question 18

Where does the coracohumeral ligament run?

Answer 18

From base of coracoid process to anterior part of greater tubercle

Question 19

What is the function of the transverse humeral ligament?

Answer 19

Holds the tendon of the long head of biceps in place during shoulder movement

Question 20

What is the coracoacromial arch?

Answer 20

Strong structure of bone and ligament that overlies the humeral ligament

Question 21

What makes up the coracoacromial arch?

Answer 21

Coracoacromial ligamen t
Acromion
Coracoid process

Question 22

What is the function of the coracoacromial arch?

Answer 22

Prevents upper displacement of the humerus

Question 23

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Answer 23

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

Question 24

Which rotator cuff muscles arise on the dorsal aspect of the scapula?

Answer 24

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

Question 25

Where do the dorsal rotator cuff muscles insert?

Answer 25

Greater tubercle of humerus

Question 26

Which rotator muscle arises on the ventral aspect of the scapula?

Answer 26

Subscapularis

Question 27

Where does the ventral rotator cuff muscle insert?

Answer 27

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Question 28

Why are they called rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 28

Tendons of the muscles form a cuff - which fuses with the capsule and strengthens it

Question 29

Which other muscles stabilise the shoulder joint?

Answer 29

Deltoid Long head of biceps Long head of triceps

Question 30

What is a bursa?

Answer 30

Fluid filled sac

Question 31

What are the main bursae in the shoulder?

Answer 31

Subacromial | Subscapular

Question 32

What is the function of the subacromial bursa?

Answer 32

Facilitates movement of the supraspinatus tendon under the coracoacromial arch and deltoid

Question 33

What is the function of the subscapular bursa?

Answer 33

Facilitates movement of the subscapularis tendon over scapula

Question 34

How much space is there between the acromion and head of humerus?

Answer 34

1-1.5cm

Question 35

What sits in the space between the acromion and head of humerus?

Answer 35

Subacromial bursa Supraspinatus tendon Capsule Tendon of long head of biceps

Question 36

What provides blood supply to the shoulder joint?

Answer 36

Anterior circumflex humeral artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery Subscapular artery

Question 37

What is the nerve supply to the shoulder joint?

Answer 37

Axillary nerve Suprascapular nerve Lateral pectoral nerves

Question 38

Which 2 joints supply movement to the shoulder?

Answer 38

Glenohumeral joint | Scapulothoracic joint

Question 39

Which joint controls first 90 degrees abduction?

Answer 39

Glenohumeral joint

Question 40

Which joint controls abduction above 90 degrees?

Answer 40

Scapulothoracic joint

Question 41

Which muscle is responsible for 0-15 degrees abduction?

Answer 41

Supraspinatus

Question 42

Which muscle is responsible for 15-90 degrees abduction?

Answer 42

Deltoid (central fibres)

Question 43

Which muscles are responsible for abduction above 90 degrees?

Answer 43

Trapezius | Serratus anterior

Question 44

Which muscles are responsible for extension of the shoulder?

Answer 44

Deltoid (posterior fibres) Latissmus dorsi Teres major

Question 45

Which muscles are responsible for flexion of the shoulder?

Answer 45

Pec major (clavicular head) Deltoid (anterior fibres) Corachobrachialis Biceps brachii

Question 46

Which muscles are responsible for adduction of the shoulder?

Answer 46

Pec major Latissimus dorsi Teres major

Question 47

Which muscles are responsible for medial rotation?

Answer 47

Pec major (sternal head) Subscapularis Teres major Latissimus dorsi

Question 48

Which muscles are responsible for lateral rotation?

Answer 48

Infraspinatus | Teres minor