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Anatomia > Shoulder, Arm, Axilla and Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Shoulder, Arm, Axilla and Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Upper limb is divided into:

A

Shoulder
Arm
Forearm
Hand

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2
Q

The bones of the shoulder include:

A

Scapula
Clavicle
Proximal end of the humerus

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3
Q

These two bones for the pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle
Scapula

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4
Q

Shoulder joints

A

Acromioclavicular joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Glenohumeral Joint

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5
Q

Which shoulder joint is known as the “real” shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral Joint

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6
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Is given stability by coracoclavicular ligament and acromioclavicular ligament

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7
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Is given stability by costoclavicular ligament

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8
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A

Synovial Ball and Socket
Round 1/3 of the head of the humerus is in direct contact with the glenoid cavity. By this, it is permitted free movement of the joint.

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9
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A

Is given stability by glenoid labrum and Joint capsule

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10
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

Gives stability to the glenohumeral joint

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11
Q

Joint capsule

A

Gives flexibility to the glenohumeral joint

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12
Q

Anterior Extrinsic muscles of the Shoulder

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius
Serratus Anterior

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13
Q

Pectoralis major

A

It has three heads:
Clavicular
Sternocostal
Abdominal
Intervated:
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Function:
Adduction and medial rotation of the arm when acting together

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14
Q

Clavicular head is innervated by…

A

C5,C6

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15
Q

Sternocostal head is innervated by…

A

C7, C8, T1

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16
Q

The function of the clavicular head is…

A

Flex the humerus

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17
Q

The function of the sternocostal head is…

A

Extend it back from the flexed position

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18
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Attached to the anterior ends of the 3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages
Innervated by Medial Pectoral Nerve
Function:
Stabilizes the scapela
Used when stretching the upper limb forward to touch an object that is just out of reach

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19
Q

Subclavius

A

Protects the subclavian vessels and brachial plexus
Innervated by:
Nerve to the subclavius
Function:
Supports and maintain the sternal end of the clavicle in its place while we move the shoulder

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20
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Innervated by:
Long thoracic nerve
Function:
Protracts the scapula and hold it against the thoracic wall
Inferior part of the serrates
Anterior rotates the scapula, elevating its glenoid cavity so the arm can be raised above the shoulder
Participates in the abduction of the shoulder after 90 degrees

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21
Q

Posterior Extrinsic Muscles

A

Trapezius
Lattisimus dorsi
Rhomboid Major and Minor
Levator Scapulae

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22
Q

Trapezius

A

Provides a direct attachment of the pectoral girdle to the trunk
Contains Ascending, Middle and Descending part

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23
Q

Trapezius Descending Part function is

A

Elevate the tip of the shoulder (scapula)

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24
Q

Trapezius middle part function

A

retract the scapula

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25
Q

Trapezius ascending part function

A

depress the scapula and lower shoulder

26
Q

Together they rotate the scapula laterally

A

Trapezius and serratus anterior

27
Q

Lattisimus dorsi

A

Innervation
Thoracodorsal Nerve
Funtion: Extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus

28
Q

These two muscles work together to produce adduction and depression of the shoulder (pull up movement)

A

Latissimus Dorsi and Pectoralis major

29
Q

Rhomboid Major and Minor

A

Innervation:
Dorsal Scapular nerve
Function:
Retract the scapula and rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly
Fix the scapula to the thoracic wall
Assist the serratus anterior in holding the scapula against the thoracic wall and fixing the scapula during movements of the upper limb

30
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Innervation:
Dorsal Scapular and cervical nerves (C3,C4)
Function:
Elevates the scapula and rotates the glenoid cavity inferiorly
In combination with the acts with the descending part of the trapezius to elevate or fix the scapula.

31
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

Deltoid
Teres Major
Rotator Cuff
Subscapularis

32
Q

Deltoid

A

Attaches the clavicle and the scapula to the humerus
Contains three heads
Innervation:
Axillary Nerve
Principal function:
Major abductor of the arm (15-90 degrees)

33
Q

The three heads of the deltoid are called:

A

Clavicular (anterior)
Acromial (middle)
Spinal (posterior)

34
Q

Teres Major

A

Important stabilizer of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity
Innervation:
Lower subscapular nerve
Function: adducts and medially rotates the arm

35
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

Provide the stability of the glenohumeral joint
SITS Muscle
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

36
Q

Subscapularis

A

Forms part of the posterior wall of the axilla
Its tendon forms the anterior part of the rotator cuff
Function: Primary medial rotator of the shoulder
Innervation:
Upper and lower subscapular nerves

37
Q

Posterior part of the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor

38
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Assist the deltoid in the initial 15 degrees of abduction of the shoulder
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

39
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Function: Lateral rotation of the humerus
Innervation:
Suprascapular nerve

40
Q

Teres Minor

A

Function:
Works with the infraspinatus to rotate the arm laterally and assist in its adduction.
Innervation:
Axillary nerve

41
Q

The arm is the region between

A

the shoulder and the elbow

42
Q

The bony structure of the arm is:

A

Humerus

43
Q

The anterior compartment of the arm contains the…

A

Flexor muscles

44
Q

The posterior compartment of the arm contains the…

A

Extensor muscles

45
Q

The anterior compartment is the innervated by…

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

46
Q

The posterior compartment is innervated by…

A

Radial Nerve

47
Q

Anterior compartment of the arm is composed of

A

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

48
Q

Posterior compartment of the arm is composed of

A

Triceps brachii
Anconeus

49
Q

Biceps brachii innervation and muscle action

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6,C7)
Supinates forearm and when it is supine, flexes forearm; short head resist dislocation of shoulder

50
Q

Coracobrachialis innervation and muscle action

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6,C7)
Helps flex and adduct arm: resists dislocation of shoulder

51
Q

Brachialis innervation and muscle action

A

Innervación Dual
Musculocutaneos nerve (C5,C6) and Radial Nerve (C5,C7)
Flexes forearm in all positions

52
Q

Triceps brachii innervation and muscle action

A

Radial Nerve (C6,C7,C8)
Chief extensor of forearm; long head resists dislocation of humerus; significant during adduction

53
Q

Anconeus innervation and muscle action

A

Radial nerve (C7,C8,T1)
Assists triceps in extending forearm; stabilizes elbow joint may abduct ulna during pronation

54
Q

Quadrangular space

A

is an intermuscular space through which the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels pass through backward to encircle the surgical neck of the humerus.

55
Q

Triangular space

A

Anterior wall:
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Medial wall:
Serratus anterior
Posterior wall:
Humerus
Teres Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Subscapularis
Scapula

56
Q

Major blood supply of the arm

A

Axillary artery

57
Q

Axillary artery is divided in

A

three parts

58
Q

Axillary artery 1st part

A

From the clavicle until the superior border of pectoralis minor

59
Q

Axillary artery 2nd part

A

From the superior border pectoralis minor until inferior border of pectorals minor

60
Q

Axillary artery 3rd part

A

From inferior border of pectoralis minor to inferior border of teres major

61
Q
A

Anatomia (10 decks)

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