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Anatomia > Shoulder, Arm, Axilla and Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Shoulder, Arm, Axilla and Brachial Plexus Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Upper limb is divided into:

A

Shoulder
Arm
Forearm
Hand

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2
Q

The bones of the shoulder include:

A

Scapula
Clavicle
Proximal end of the humerus

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3
Q

These two bones for the pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle
Scapula

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4
Q

Shoulder joints

A

Acromioclavicular joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Glenohumeral Joint

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5
Q

Which shoulder joint is known as the “real” shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral Joint

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6
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Is given stability by coracoclavicular ligament and acromioclavicular ligament

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7
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Is given stability by costoclavicular ligament

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8
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A

Synovial Ball and Socket
Round 1/3 of the head of the humerus is in direct contact with the glenoid cavity. By this, it is permitted free movement of the joint.

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9
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A

Is given stability by glenoid labrum and Joint capsule

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10
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

Gives stability to the glenohumeral joint

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11
Q

Joint capsule

A

Gives flexibility to the glenohumeral joint

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12
Q

Anterior Extrinsic muscles of the Shoulder

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius
Serratus Anterior

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13
Q

Pectoralis major

A

It has three heads:
Clavicular
Sternocostal
Abdominal
Intervated:
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Function:
Adduction and medial rotation of the arm when acting together

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14
Q

Clavicular head is innervated by…

A

C5,C6

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15
Q

Sternocostal head is innervated by…

A

C7, C8, T1

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16
Q

The function of the clavicular head is…

A

Flex the humerus

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17
Q

The function of the sternocostal head is…

A

Extend it back from the flexed position

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18
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Attached to the anterior ends of the 3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages
Innervated by Medial Pectoral Nerve
Function:
Stabilizes the scapela
Used when stretching the upper limb forward to touch an object that is just out of reach

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19
Q

Subclavius

A

Protects the subclavian vessels and brachial plexus
Innervated by:
Nerve to the subclavius
Function:
Supports and maintain the sternal end of the clavicle in its place while we move the shoulder

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20
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Innervated by:
Long thoracic nerve
Function:
Protracts the scapula and hold it against the thoracic wall
Inferior part of the serrates
Anterior rotates the scapula, elevating its glenoid cavity so the arm can be raised above the shoulder
Participates in the abduction of the shoulder after 90 degrees

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21
Q

Posterior Extrinsic Muscles

A

Trapezius
Lattisimus dorsi
Rhomboid Major and Minor
Levator Scapulae

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22
Q

Trapezius

A

Provides a direct attachment of the pectoral girdle to the trunk
Contains Ascending, Middle and Descending part

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23
Q

Trapezius Descending Part function is

A

Elevate the tip of the shoulder (scapula)

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24
Q

Trapezius middle part function

A

retract the scapula

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25
Trapezius ascending part function
depress the scapula and lower shoulder
26
Together they rotate the scapula laterally
Trapezius and serratus anterior
27
Lattisimus dorsi
Innervation Thoracodorsal Nerve Funtion: Extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus
28
These two muscles work together to produce adduction and depression of the shoulder (pull up movement)
Latissimus Dorsi and Pectoralis major
29
Rhomboid Major and Minor
Innervation: Dorsal Scapular nerve Function: Retract the scapula and rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly Fix the scapula to the thoracic wall Assist the serratus anterior in holding the scapula against the thoracic wall and fixing the scapula during movements of the upper limb
30
Levator Scapulae
Innervation: Dorsal Scapular and cervical nerves (C3,C4) Function: Elevates the scapula and rotates the glenoid cavity inferiorly In combination with the acts with the descending part of the trapezius to elevate or fix the scapula.
31
Intrinsic muscles of the shoulder
Deltoid Teres Major Rotator Cuff Subscapularis
32
Deltoid
Attaches the clavicle and the scapula to the humerus Contains three heads Innervation: Axillary Nerve Principal function: Major abductor of the arm (15-90 degrees)
33
The three heads of the deltoid are called:
Clavicular (anterior) Acromial (middle) Spinal (posterior)
34
Teres Major
Important stabilizer of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve Function: adducts and medially rotates the arm
35
Rotator Cuff
Provide the stability of the glenohumeral joint SITS Muscle Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
36
Subscapularis
Forms part of the posterior wall of the axilla Its tendon forms the anterior part of the rotator cuff Function: Primary medial rotator of the shoulder Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves
37
Posterior part of the rotator cuff
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor
38
Supraspinatus
Assist the deltoid in the initial 15 degrees of abduction of the shoulder Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
39
Infraspinatus
Function: Lateral rotation of the humerus Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
40
Teres Minor
Function: Works with the infraspinatus to rotate the arm laterally and assist in its adduction. Innervation: Axillary nerve
41
The arm is the region between
the shoulder and the elbow
42
The bony structure of the arm is:
Humerus
43
The anterior compartment of the arm contains the...
Flexor muscles
44
The posterior compartment of the arm contains the...
Extensor muscles
45
The anterior compartment is the innervated by...
Musculocutaneous nerve
46
The posterior compartment is innervated by...
Radial Nerve
47
Anterior compartment of the arm is composed of
Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Brachialis
48
Posterior compartment of the arm is composed of
Triceps brachii Anconeus
49
Biceps brachii innervation and muscle action
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6,C7) Supinates forearm and when it is supine, flexes forearm; short head resist dislocation of shoulder
50
Coracobrachialis innervation and muscle action
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6,C7) Helps flex and adduct arm: resists dislocation of shoulder
51
Brachialis innervation and muscle action
Innervación Dual Musculocutaneos nerve (C5,C6) and Radial Nerve (C5,C7) Flexes forearm in all positions
52
Triceps brachii innervation and muscle action
Radial Nerve (C6,C7,C8) Chief extensor of forearm; long head resists dislocation of humerus; significant during adduction
53
Anconeus innervation and muscle action
Radial nerve (C7,C8,T1) Assists triceps in extending forearm; stabilizes elbow joint may abduct ulna during pronation
54
Quadrangular space
is an intermuscular space through which the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels pass through backward to encircle the surgical neck of the humerus.
55
Triangular space
Anterior wall: Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Medial wall: Serratus anterior Posterior wall: Humerus Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Scapula
56
Major blood supply of the arm
Axillary artery
57
Axillary artery is divided in
three parts
58
Axillary artery 1st part
From the clavicle until the superior border of pectoralis minor
59
Axillary artery 2nd part
From the superior border pectoralis minor until inferior border of pectorals minor
60
Axillary artery 3rd part
From inferior border of pectoralis minor to inferior border of teres major
61

Anatomia (10 decks)

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