Sick Newborns

Question 1

What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Answer 1

chronic lung disease d/t RDS and prolonged mechanical ventilation

Question 2

All premature babies must pass this test before they can go home.

Answer 2

car seat test

Question 3

What is the treatment for retinopathy of prematurity?

Answer 3

laser treatment

Question 4

How can you prevent retinopathy of prematurity?

Answer 4

prevent oxygen toxicity

Question 5

IV lines in a premature infant are placed via where?

Answer 5

umbilicus

Question 6

Anemia in premature infants is usually caused by what?

Answer 6

iatrogenic

Question 7

Which of the following intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is more problematic: asymmetric or symmetric?

Answer 7

symmetric

Question 8

Any newborn greater than what weight is labeled macrosomia?

Answer 8

> 4 kg

Question 9

For any baby that is born small or large for gestational age you need to do this.

Answer 9

check baby’s blood sugar and feed ASAP

Question 10

Which of the IUGR types are more concerning for late onsets complications?

Answer 10

asymmetrical

Question 11

Which of the IUGR types are more concerning for early or infant malformations and dieases?

Answer 11

symmetrical

Question 12

What is the greatest risk in newborns with insufficient growth?

Answer 12

hypoglycemia

Question 13

Macrosomia newborns are at significant risk for what?

Answer 13

shoulder dystocia

Question 14

Large infants of diabetic mother’s are at an increase risk for these 2 things.

Answer 14

• hypoglycemia

- polycythemia

Question 15

A premature baby born to a diabetic mother can have a seizure d/t to what?

Answer 15

low calcium, magnesium

Question 16

What is the most common cause of small babies?

Answer 16

placenta insufficiency

Question 17

What is transient tachypnea of newborn?

Answer 17

delay in pulmonary fluid reabsorption that self resolves

associated with LGA, C/section

Question 18

What is meconium aspiration syndrome?

Answer 18

newborn aspirates own meconium and this leads to “ball-valve” effect of meconium in airways leading to hyperinflation

Question 19

Patient’s with meconium aspiration syndrome are at high risk of what?

Answer 19

pulmonary hypertension

Question 20

What is the main organism causing pneumonia in newborn?

Answer 20

GBS

Question 21

What is the treatment for neonetal sepsis?

Answer 21

broad spectrum antibiotics + acyclovir for 48 hours

Question 22

What is the different between early and late neonatal sepsis?

Answer 22

• early = birth-3 days

- late = 3 days-1 month

Question 23

Meningitis in late stage neonatal sepsis is caused by what 2 bugs?

Answer 23

• GBS or E. Coli

Question 24

Bilirubin peaks at what day after birth?

Answer 24

4 days

Question 25

excessive unconjugated bilirubin can lead to what?

Answer 25

encephalopathy (kernicterus)

Question 26

What is the treatment for excessive unconjugated bilirubin? (3 part)

Answer 26

- hydration, feeding - phototherapy - exchange transfusion = more severe

Question 27

What are the 2 causes of extrinsic hemolytic excessive unconjugated bilirubin?

Answer 27

- Rh Disease | - ABO incompatibility

Question 28

What is the treatment for Rh disease to prevent sensitization of fetus if the mother is - Rh and fetus is + Rh?

Answer 28

administer rhoGAM

Question 29

What type of immunoglobulins cross the placenta?

Answer 29

IgG

Question 30

You should be concerned with ABO incompatibility if the mother has what blood type?

Answer 30

type O

Question 31

T/F: any increase in bilirubin within the first 24 hours is pathologic.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

80% of pediatric HIV is thought to be how?

Answer 32

vertical transmission from mother to infant

Question 33

When should infant HIV testing be done?

Answer 33

Birth, 2 mo, 4 mo

Question 34

What is the most common teratogen exposure?

Answer 34

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 35

The risk for SIDS is way higher in children who have been exposed to these 2 drugs.

Answer 35

methamphetamine, cocaine