Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biochem summer > Signal transduction pathways > Flashcards

Signal transduction pathways Flashcards

1
Q

what are signal transduction pathways

A

link between cell/tissue and the external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is step 1 in STP

A

release of primary messenger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is step 2 in stp

A

reception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is step 3 in stp

A

relay of information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is step 4 in stp

A

activation of message- physiological response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is step 5 in stp

A

signal termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is the receptor located

A

in the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how many domains does the receptor have

A

extracellular and intracellular domain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the extracellular domain is specific to

A

the receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when the receptor binds to hormone/signal what happens

A

triggers structural changes to convey the message to the inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where does the primary signal go

A

to the specific receptor on the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

first messengers are usually

A

hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are examples of hormones

A 
peptides (
insulin)
gas (NO)
neurotransmitter (acetylcholine)
cholesterol derivative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what changes in the receptor leads to production of small molecules that serves as secondary messengers

A

structural changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do we get secondary messengers

A

structural changes in the receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which is more produced

primary or secondary messengers

A

secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are some examples of secondary messengers

A 
cAMP
cGMP
Ca++
IP3
Diacylglycerol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

responses to primary messengers would include

A

alteration of cellular and molecular activites by
covalent modification
conformational changes
alteration of protein expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

who is affected with there is a response to the primary messengers

A

pumps
enzymes
gene transcription factors
processes such as nerve transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what must happen after the response

A

the original signal must be terminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

one primary messenger can produce

A

a 50 million fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the three classes of receptor proteins

A 
7TM
dimeric receptors (recruit protein kinase)
dimeric receptors (they are protein kinase)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the first step of 7TM

A

cytoplasmic domain conformation change when bond with messenger, activating G protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

7tm: what happens when g protein becomes activated

A

GTP binds instead of GDP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
7TM: what happens when Gprotein becomes GTP
dissociates and binds to adenylate cyclase activating it
26
7TM: what happens when adenylate cyclase becomes activated
activates ATP and turns into cyclic amp and then cyclic amp phosphorylates protein kinase A
27
7TM: what happens when cAMP is activated
phosphorylates protein kinase A
28
7TM: how does GTP become GDP
has internal clock and hydrolyzes to GDP | causes Galpha to dislocate and attach to beta and gamma
29
when Galpha dissociates from adenylate cyclase does the cascade stop
no because there are still cAMP phosphorylating protein kinase A
30
7Tm: who is the secondary messenger
cAMP
31
7TM: how do you inactivate the secondary messenger
cAMP phosphodiesterase
32
7TM: how does protein kinase A become inactive
special enzymes remove phosphate group
33
7TM: when hormone eventually dissociates from receptor, what protein comes along and phosphorylates it to lock in the inactive state
GRK2
34
7TM: where does GRK2 connect to
carboxy terminal of ser and thr
35
7tM: what second protein comes to GRK2 to help phosphorylate it
beta arrestin
36
how does cholera toxin work
"A" subunit binds to G protein and locks in GTP causing PKA to become phosphorylated and always active
37
how does pertussis toxin work
locks Galpha in GDP
38
dime:tyrosine has what type of units
alpha: binds to insulin beta: subunit in cytoplasm which is a tyrosine subunit kinase
39
what makes the receptor molecules interesting in dime:tyrosine
they have to come together to bind to insulin
40
does the insulin bind to one alpha subunit or two
one
41
what happens with the two alpha subunits are close together
beta subunits are close together and cross phosphorylate activating them
42
what binds to the beta unit
irs
43
does the irs have tyrosine residues
yes
44
who binds to irs when phosphorylated
PI3k
45
PI3k activates who and what
PIP3 who is the secondary messenger
46
PIP3 activates??
PDK1
47
what type of kinase is PDK1
tyrosine
48
when PDK1 becomes phosphorylated and activated what happens
activate Akt/PKB
49
what type of kinase is PKB
ser/thr
50
who does AKT/PKB activate
glut 2 and glut 4
51
how are signals terminated in dimeric
phosphatases
52
tyrosine phosphatases affect
irs and pi3k
53
lipid phosphotases affect
pip3
54
serine phosphotase affect
AKT/PKB
55
in HGH what protein kinase is associated with cytoplasmic domain
JAK2
56
JAK2 binds to what and does what
STAT5 which deals with regulating gene expression
57
inositol/ca+ binds to what
7tm
58
in inositol the receptor activates a
gprotein
59
inositol: the gprotein activates what
phospholipase c
60
who does phospholipase c activate
DAG and PIP3 (both secondary messengers)
61
who does pip3 bind to in inositol
calcium channel on er
62
who does DAG activate
PKC
63
how does nuclear receptor signaling work
lipophilic mesenger binds to receptor conformational change dna binding and transcription of specific genes is activated
64
what a glucocorticoid
used in nuclear receptor signaling cholesterol derived used in many drugs

Biochem summer (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions