Test 3 metabolism integration

Question 1

what do skeletal muscles lack

Answer 1

fatty acid synthase and glucose 6-phosphatase

Question 2

during rest, skeletal muscles can use

Answer 2

fatty acids and ketone bodies as a source of energy

Question 3

how much glycogen does the skeletal muscle store

Answer 3

1%

Question 4

when glucose is depleted, what will skeletal muscles use

Answer 4

fatty acids and ketone bodies

Question 5

under severe starvation, the skeletal muscle can provide energy via what?

Answer 5

its protein content

Question 6

what does the heart use

Answer 6

fatty acids and ketone bodies

Question 7

what cycle is more active in the heart

Answer 7

TCA and ETC

Question 8

about half of the cytoplasmic space in the heart is occupied by

Answer 8

the mitochondria

Question 9

what does the heart not store

Answer 9

glycogen or fatty acids

Question 10

function of adipose tissue

Answer 10

to store fat

Question 11

what do adipose tissue secrete

Answer 11

adipokines: peptide hormones

Question 12

what system is adipose tissue part of

Answer 12

the endocrine system

Question 13

what percentage of body weight is composed of adipose tissue

Answer 13

15 to 25%

Question 14

what is the location of adipose tissue

Answer 14

subcutaneous or visceral (abdominal)

Question 15

how much glucose does the brain require

Answer 15

120 grams

Question 16

how much of the bodys glucose does the brain consume

Answer 16

60%

Question 17

what percentage of oxygen consumed by the body does the brains ETC use

Answer 17

20%

Question 18

what percentage of the ATP generated by the brain is used to maintain the steady state electrical change across the neurons

Answer 18

50%

Question 19

how does the brain get glucose

Answer 19

astrocytes which defines the blood brain barrier

Question 20

what can not cross the BBB

Answer 20

fatty acids in lipoproteins

Question 21

what can cross the BBB

Answer 21

ketone bodies but under severe starvation

Question 22

the kidney uses what to provide glucose to other organs

Answer 22

gluconeogenesis

Question 23

how much blood do the kidneys filter a day

Answer 23

6 L

Question 24

the liver contains how much weight in glycogen

Answer 24

10%

Question 25

during beta oxidation, if the concentration is so high what happens

Answer 25

fatty acids spill out of mitochondria and into cytoplasm

Question 26

fatty acids can integrate into the membrane and bind to

Answer 26

DAG

Question 27

if DAG becomes active they then activate what

Answer 27

activate pkc which phosphorylates irs and inactivates it

Question 28

if irs is phosphorylated with ser/thr what does this cause

Answer 28

insulin resistance

Question 29

what happens with insulin resistance

Answer 29

increase in glucose beta cells in pancreas work really hard to produce more insulin by creating atp and increase concentration of ca+ this creates too much stress and apoptosis

Question 30

type one diabetes has no

Answer 30

beta cells in pancreas

Question 31

what is higher in type one diabetes

Answer 31

glucagon

Question 32

if glucagon is high what happens

Answer 32

``` FBPase2 is activated gluconeogenesis is activated prk2 inhibited glycolysis inhibited glucose then secreted in urine ```

Question 33

what happens with kidneys in diabetes one

Answer 33

``` fatty acids go through beta oxidation due to lack of glucose produce acetyl co a over work tca cylce excess acetyl coa will go to ketogenesis ketone bodies overwhelm kidneys ```