Significance Tests

Question 1

Ho

Answer 1

claim that we want to disprove. Default to this unless we can disprove it.
Ho = x
“any difference is due to random chance”

Question 2

Ha

Answer 2

competing claim
Ha > x Ha < x Ha =/= x
“difference is not random chance”

Question 3

p-value

Answer 3

probability that outcome would occur if Ho is true/probability that difference is due to random chance.
lower p-value = reject Ho

Question 4

p < alpha

Answer 4

reject Ho

Question 5

Type 1 error

Answer 5

reject correct null hypothesis

Question 6

Type 2 error

Answer 6

fail to reject incorrect null hypothesistep

Question 7

steps of sig test

Answer 7

1. state paramter, Ha, Ho, alpha,
2. checks
3. calculate test stats and p-value
4. interpret

Question 8

test statistic

Answer 8

z score of sample prop if Ho is true
z = statistic - parameter/st. dev of statistic
statistic= sample parameter=population

Question 9

finding p-value

Answer 9

normcdf(LB=z,UB=9999, mew=0, st.dev=1)
tcdf(LB=t,UB=9999, mew=0, st.dev=1)

Question 10

probability of type 1 error

Answer 10

significance level/alpha (0.05)

Question 11

power

Answer 11

probability of not making a type 2 error

Question 12

decreasing chance of type 2

Answer 12

1. increase alpha
2. bigger sample size
3. make Ha and Ho distinct

Question 13

1-Prop-ZTest

Answer 13

find p and test statistic for proportion

Question 14

1-Mean-TTest

Answer 14

find p and test statistic for mean

Question 15

2-Prop-ZInt

Answer 15

comparing two proportions