Signs

Question 1

Irritate lips, mouth, throat and cause vomiting

Answer 1

Insoluble calcium oxalate

Question 2

Kidney damage and hypocalcemia

Answer 2

Soluble oxalate

Question 3

Abortion in cattle

Answer 3

Isocupressic acid

Question 4

Photosensitization:

Erythema and purities, edema, necrosis of skin, 2dary bacT infections

Answer 4

Quinone

Question 5

Anorexia, salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension, muscle tremors/seizures

Answer 5

Lycorine

Question 6

Hepatotoxic

Answer 6

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Question 7

GI, CNS, Respiratory, cardiac

Answer 7

Solanine and solanidine alkaloids

Question 8

Cattle: constipation, brown urine, atony, anorexia, depression
Monogastric: mainly GI

Answer 8

Tannic acid

Question 9

Liver damage and heptic photosensitization:

Depression, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, icterus, photophobia, erythema, swelling, necrosis and sloughing

Answer 9

Titerpene acid

Question 10

Antimitotic

Answer 10

Colchicine

Question 11

Sudden death, muscle weakness, stiffness, staggering, boosting, recumbency, collapse

Tx: physostigmine

Answer 11

Diterpene alkaloids

Question 12

Vasoconstriction and gangrene, uterine contraction

Answer 12

Ergot alkaloid

Question 13

Neuronal: depression, incoordination, ataxia, circling, abnormal behavior

Infertility, congenital defects, heart failure, weight loss, decreased immune

Answer 13

Indolizidine alkaloids (swainsonine)

Question 14

Mainly ataxia, incoordination, birth defects (skeletal malformation and cleft palate)

Answer 14

Piperidine alkaloids

Question 15

Excitation, salivation, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, tachypnea, muscle twitching, weakness, dyspnea, death due to respiratory failure

Answer 15

Pyridine alkaloids

Question 16

Cardiotoxic and GI

Answer 16

Taxine alkaloids

Question 17

Salivation, vomiting, colic, diarrhea, CNS stimulation, convulsive seizures, muscle tremors, tachycardia, hypotension, urination

Answer 17

Xanthine alkaloids

Question 18

Purgative

Answer 18

Anthraquinone

Question 19

Hypercalcemia

Answer 19

Calcinogenic glycoside (Vit D analog

Question 20

Hepatotoxicity, excessive salivation, renal damage, hypoglycemia

Answer 20

Carboxyatractyloside

Question 21

Cardiotoxic by inhibiting Na/K ATPase

Answer 21

Cardiac glycoside

Question 22

Hemorrhage

Answer 22

Coumarin glycoside

Question 23

Acute: inhibition of cytochrome oxidase and inhibition of cellular respiration, vasoconstriction, inhibition of glycolysis, inhibition of Citric Acid cycle, irritation of MM

Chronic: neuronal degeneration

Answer 23

Cyanogenic glycosides

Question 24

GI and liver disease syndrome or ataxia and CNS syndrome

Answer 24

Cycasin

Question 25

Antithyroid

Answer 25

Glucosinolate

Question 26

Cattle and sheep: respiratory and neurological signs (cracker heels or roaring disease) Horses and rodents: neurologic signs

Answer 26

Nitropropanol glycoside

Question 27

Infertility in females, decreased libido and feminization in males

Answer 27

Phytoestrogens

Question 28

Severe irritation of GI mucosa and dermatitis

Answer 28

Protoanemonin

Question 29

Aplastic anemia, enzootic hematuria

Answer 29

Ptaquiloside

Question 30

Photosensitization and liver disease | Erythema, edema, 2dary bacT infection, sloughing and necrosis

Answer 30

Steroidal saponins

Question 31

Cardiac toxicity and male infertility

Answer 31

Gossypol

Question 32

GI signs including hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

Answer 32

Lectin

Question 33

Acute: GI irritation and respiratory signs Chronic: hoof and hair abnormalities

Answer 33

Selenium

Question 34

Liver damage, hemolysis, methemoglobinemia

Answer 34

Copper

Question 35

Signs of copper deficiency | Watery bubbly diarrhea, wasting, depigmentation, degeneration, demyelination, osteoporosis

Answer 35

Molybdenum

Question 36

Anemia, hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinemia, depression, icterus, cyanosis

Answer 36

Dimethyl sulfide

Question 37

Diterpene esters

Answer 37

Irritation and blistering of GI mucosa. Salivation, vomiting, and diarrhea with or without blood

Question 38

GI signs, depression, recumbency, tachycardia, tachypnea, seizures, fever, death due to aspiration pneumonia

Answer 38

Grayanotoxins

Question 39

GI signs with or without blood, CNS and peripheral neuronal signs Death from respiratory failure

Answer 39

Meliatoxin

Question 40

Anorexia, ataxia, tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, icterus, onion odor, abortion

Answer 40

Propyl disulfide

Question 41

-Sheep- Anorexia, depression, incoordination, dyspnea, icterus, head pressing, skin swelling, erythema, necrosis, sloughing, 2dary bacT infections

Answer 41

Tetradymol

Question 42

Destroys thiamine in diet and produces deficiency in monogastrics

Answer 42

Thiaminase

Question 43

Salivation, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, colic, hypothermia

Answer 43

Triterpenoid saponins

Question 44

Irritation of nervous or muscle tissue

Answer 44

Resin or resinoid

Question 45

Lacrimation, photophobia, erythema, purified, edema, necrosis, skin sloughing

Answer 45

Alsike and red clover | Forage induced-photosensitization

Question 46

Cardiotoxicity I’m goats, horses, rabbits, and caged birds Noninfectious mastitis and agalactia I’m cattle, horses, goats and rabbits

Answer 46

Avacado

Question 47

Eating fresh shavings made from heartwood causes laminitis

Answer 47

Black walnut

Question 48

Anorexia, depression, anemia, icterus, brown amM, hemoglobinuria, dyspnea, cyanosis, death

Answer 48

Red maple

Question 49

GI signs in cats and dogs, followed by renal failure in cats Diarrhea, muscle weakness, recumbency, good appetite, myoglobinuria, coffee colored urine, tachycardia, death

Answer 49

Senna

Question 50

Equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia (ENE) or chewing disease

Answer 50

Yellow starthistle and Russian knapweed