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Toxic Pronciple Clinical Signs Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Insoluble calcium oxalate

A

Cause irritation of lips, mouth throat, and vomiting

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2
Q

Soluble oxalate

A

Hypocalcemia and kidney damage

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3
Q

Isocupressic acid

A

Abortion in cattle

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4
Q

Quinone

A

Erythema and puritis, edema, necrosis of skin, and secondary bacT infections

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5
Q

Tannic acid

A

Cattle: constipation, brown urine, atony, anorexia, depression

Monogastrics: mainly GI

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6
Q

Titerpene acid

A

Depression, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, icterus, photophobia, erythema of skin, selling, necrosis and sloughing

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7
Q

Colchicine

A

Antimitotic that causes problems in many organs due to mitosis failure

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8
Q

Diterpene alkaloids

A

Sudden death, muscle weakness, stiffness, staggering, bloating, recumbency, collapse

Treat with physostigmine

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9
Q

Ergot alkaloid

A

Vasoconstriction and gangrene, uterine contractions

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10
Q

Indolizidine alkaloids (swainsonine)

A

Neuronal signs: depression, ataxia, circling, abnormal behavior

Infertility, congenital defects, heart failure, wt. loss, decreased immune

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11
Q

Lycorine

A

Anorexia, salivation, vomiting diarrhea, hypotension, muscle tremors/seizures

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12
Q

Muscarine

A

Stimulates muscarinjc cholinergic receptors (CNS stimulation)

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13
Q

Piperidine alkaloids

A

Mainly ataxia, I coordination, birth defects (skeletal malformation and cleft palate)

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14
Q

Pyridine alkaloids

A

Early signs: excitation, salivation, lacro Marion, vomiting, diarrhea, tachypnea, muscle twitching, weakness, dyspnea, and finally death due to respiratory failure.

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15
Q

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

A

Hepatotoxic

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16
Q

Solanine and solanidine alkaloids

A

GI, CNS, Respiratory, and cardiac signs

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17
Q

Racine alkaloids

A

Cardiotoxic and GI

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18
Q

Xanthine alkaloids

A

Salivation, vomiting, colic, diarrhea, CNS stimulation, convulsive seizures, muscle tremors, tachycardia, hypotension, urination

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19
Q

Anthraquinone

A

Purgative

Also coffeeweed: skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration and may have coffee colored urine due to myoglobinuria

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20
Q

Carcinogenic glycoside

A

Hypercalcemia

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21
Q

Carboxyatractyloside

A

Hepatotoxicity, excessive salivation, renal damage, hypoglycemia

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22
Q

Cardiac glycoside

A

Cardiotoxic by inhibiting Na/K ATPase

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23
Q

Coumarin glycoside

A

Hemorrhage (loss of coag factors)

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24
Q

Cyanogenic glycosides

Study These Flashcards
A

Acute: inhibition of cytochrome oxidase, cellular respiration, glycolysis, and citric acid cycle; vasoconstriction and irritation of MM

Chronic: neuronal degeneration

25
Cycasin
GI and liver disease syndrome or ataxia and CNS syndrome
26
Glucosinolate (thiocynate glycoside)
Anti-thyroid
27
Nitropropanol glycoside
Cattle and sheep: respiratory and neurological signs (cracker heels or roaring disease Horses and rodents: neurologic signs
28
Phytoestrogens
Infertility in females, decreased libido and feminization in males
29
Protoanemonin
Severe irritation of GI mucosa and dermatitis
30
Ptaquiloside
Aplastic anemia, enzootjc hematuria
31
Steroidal saponins
Signs of photosensitization and liver damage
32
Gossypol
Monogastrics are sensitive | Cardiac toxicity and make infertility
33
Molybdenum
Signs of copper deficiency: watery bubbly diarrhea, wasting, depigmentation, demyelination, osteoporosis
34
Copper
Liver damage, hemolysis, methemoglobinemia
35
Selenium
Acute: GI irritation and respiratory signs Chronic: hoof and hair abnormalities
36
Nitrate
Acute: GI irritation, respiratory insufficiency due to methemoglobinemia, fetal methemoglobinemia and death causing abortion Chronic: decreased progesterone during pregnancy; abortion; reduced performance
37
Dimethyl disulfide
Anemia, depression, hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinemia, icterus, cyanosis
38
Diterpene esters
Irritation and blistering of GI mucosa leading to salivation, vomiting and diarrhea (with or without blood)
39
Grayanotoxins
GI signs, depression, recumbency, tachycardia, tachypnea, seizures, fever. —death due to aspiration pneumonia
40
Lectin
GI signs including hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
41
Meliatoxin
GI signs with or without blood, CNS and peripheral neuronal signs similar to nicotine poisoning; death by respiratory failure
42
Propyl disulfide
Anorexia, ataxia, tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, icterus, onion odor, abortion
43
Tetradymol
—sheep— Anorexia, depression, in coordination, dyspnea, icterus, head pressing, skin swelling, erythema, necrosis, sloughing, secondary bacT infections
44
Thiaminase
Destroys thiamine in diet and pr duces signs of thiamine deficiency in monogastric animals (neurotoxic)
45
Triterpenoid saponins
Salivation, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, colic, hypothermia
46
Resin or resinoids
Irritation of nervous or muscle tissue
47
Alsike clover or red clover
Lacrimation, photophobia, erythema, puritis, edema, necrosis, sloughing of skin
48
Avacado
Cardiotoxicity in goats, horses, rabbits, and caged birds Non infectious mastitis and agalactia in cattle, horses, goats, and rabbits
49
Black walnut
Ingestión of fresh shavings from heartwood causes laminitis
50
Forage induced photosensitization
Lacrimation, photophobia, erythema, puritis, edema, necrosis, sloughing of skin
51
Grapes and raisins
GI signs including vomiting, followed by signs of acute renal failure
52
Lily
GI signs including salivation, vomiting, depression and complete anorexia, polyuria followed by jauría and death from renal failure
53
Pigweed
Depression, weakness, incoordination, renal failure
54
Red maple
Anorexia, depression, anemia, icterus, brown MM, hemoglobinuria, dyspnea, cyanosis, death
55
Senna
Diarrhea, muscle weakness, recumbency, good appetite, myoglobinuria, coffee colored urine, tachycardia, death
56
Yellow star thistle and Russian knapweed
Equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia (ENE) or chewing disease
57
Macadamia nuts
Dog weakness in hind limbs, depression, ataxia, tremors, hyperthermia, lameness, recumbency, vomiting, colic, diarrhea, pale MM Full recovery in 2 days
58
Mechanical injury
Thorns, spines, stinging or irritating hair

Toxicology (3 decks)

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