Skeletal

Question 1

is
active movement
from one place to
another.

Answer 1

Locomotion

Question 2

Function of the Skeletal system

Answer 2

▪ Provides attachment for muscles.
▪ Produces blood cells for the circulatory system.
▪ Supports and protects the body parts and organs.
▪ Storage area for inorganic calcium and phosphorus.
▪ Nerves travel around/through bone, so you know when it is
broken.
▪ All animal movements result from muscles working against
some type of skeleton.

Question 3

Types of Skeleton

Answer 3

Endoskeleton, Exoskeleton, Hydrostatic skeleton

Question 4

• Found in animals that have no hard body parts at all.

Answer 4

Hydrostatic skeleton

Question 5

• Consists of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment.

Answer 5

Hydrostatic skeleton

Question 6

• Form and movement is controlled by changing the shape of this
  compartment.

Answer 6

Hydrostatic skeleton

Question 7

• This is the main type of skeleton in most cnidarians, flatworms,
  nematodes, and annelids.

Answer 7

Hydrostatic skeleton

Question 8

are advantageous in aquatic environments and can
support crawling and burrowing. However, they do not allow the body to
be held off the ground for running or walking.

Answer 8

Hydrostatic skeleton

Question 9

other name for a fluid-filled internal body cavity

Answer 9

coelom

Question 10

The action of circular and
longitudinal muscles working
against the hydrostatic skeleton
produces the

Answer 10

peristaltic movement

Question 11

is a hard encasement
on the surface of an animal, such as
the shells of a mollusk or the cuticles
of arthropods, that provides protection
and points of attachment for muscles.

Answer 11

exoskeleton

Question 12

The shells of mollusks are
exoskeletons made of __. The exoskeleton of
arthropods is made of __.

Answer 12

calcium carbonate; chitin

Question 13

• consist
  of hard supporting elements within the soft
  tissues of the animal
• Found in sponges, echinoderms, and
  vertebrates

Answer 13

endoskeleton

Question 14

The endoskeletons of sponges consist of mineral ___
and ____ that keep the body from collapsing.

Answer 14

spicules and spongin fibers

Question 15

The vertebrate endoskeleton is composed of ___ and ___.

Answer 15

cartilage and bone

Question 16

are hard connective tissues and the
major component of almost all skeletal
systems in adult vertebrates

Answer 16

bones

Question 17

Provides a site for muscle attachment, aids in the movement at
joints, provide support, and transmits the force of muscular contraction
from one part to the body to another during movement. It consists of cells,
fibers, and a cellular matrix.

Answer 17

Cartilage

Question 18

Provides a point of attachment for muscles
and transmits the force of muscular contraction from one part of the body
to another during movement.

Answer 18

Bone or Osseous Tissue:

Question 19

Two types of bones

Answer 19

▪ Compact
▪ Spongy bones

Question 20

▪ The calcium-rich portion of the bone.
▪ Located in the middle is the marrow cavity,
which contains the yellow bone marrow.
▪ Contains osteons (Haversian System)
consisting of collagen fibers and mineral deposits
like Calcium and Phosphorus.

Answer 20

Compact Bone

Question 21

▪ Characterized by the presence of numerous
holes and an extensive network of cancelli of
hard bone matrix.
▪ The numerous holes contain the red bone
marrow with blood vessels

Answer 21

Spongy Bone

Question 22

The adult human skeleton is
made up of ___ bones and
___ teeth.

Answer 22

206 bones and 32 teeth

Question 23

are defense
fibrous connective
tissue and are key to
the movement of
joints .

Answer 23

Ligaments

Question 24

is more flexible
than bone but stiffer than
muscle. it helps give
structure to the larynx and
nose.

Answer 24

Cartilage

Question 25

5 major function of the bones

Answer 25

1. Framework and Support. 2. Protection. 3. Movement. 4. Mineral Storage. 5. Blood cell production.

Question 26

connects bones to muscles

Answer 26

tendons

Question 27

Bones of the human skeletal system are categorized by their shape and function into five types.

Answer 27

1. Flat Bone 2. Sesamoid Bone 3. Short Bone 4. Long Bone 5. Irregular Bone

Question 28

The function of ___ is to such protect internal organs as the brain, heart, and pelvic organs..

Answer 28

flat bones

Question 29

there are ___ pairs of ribs

Answer 29

12 pairs

Question 30

Composed of a series of flat bones that is a part of the thoracic vertebrae which protects the heart and lungs and assists in breathing.

Answer 30

ribs

Question 31

3 types of ribs:

Answer 31

1. true ribs – upper 7 pairs, one end attached to backbone & the other end to the sternum 2. false ribs – lower 3 pairs, one end attached to the backbone & the other to last pair of true ribs 3. hanging ribs/floating – last 2 pairs, one end attached to backbone & the other end is free

Question 32

▪ longer than they are wide, include the femur (the longest bone in the body) and the phalanges.

Answer 32

Long bones

Question 33

▪ function to support the weight of the body and facilitate movement. (type of bone)

Answer 33

Long bones

Question 34

▪ are located in the appendicular skeleton and include bones in the lower limbs and upper limbs. (type of bone)

Answer 34

Long bones

Question 35

▪ about as long as they are wide. (type of bone)

Answer 35

short bone

Question 36

▪ Located in the wrist and ankle joints, short bones provide stability and some movement. (type of bone)

Answer 36

short bone

Question 37

* vary in shape and structure and therefore do not fit into any other category (flat, short, long, or sesamoid). ▪ often have a complex shape, which helps protect internal organs.

Answer 37

irregular bones

Question 38

▪ bones embedded in tendons. ▪ These small, round bones are commonly found in the tendons of the hands, knees, and feet. ▪ function to protect tendons from stress and wear (e.g., patella).

Answer 38

Sesamoid bones

Question 38

* Supports the axis, or trunk, of the body (Skull, Vertebrae, Ribs). * consists of the skull, vertebral column (backbone), and in most vertebrates, a rib cage around the lungs and heart

Answer 38

Axial Skeleton

Question 39

* Made up of the bones of the appendages and the bones that anchor the appendages to the axial skeleton.

Answer 39

Appendicular Skeleton

Question 40

The skull consists of the ____ and the _____.

Answer 40

cranial bones and facial skeleton

Question 41

compose the top and back of the skull and enclose the brain.

Answer 41

cranial bones

Question 42

The cranium is composed of:

Answer 42

1. Occipital bone 2. Parietal bone 3. Temporal 4. Sphenoid 5. Ethmoid bones

Question 43

The cranial bones are connected by ____.

Answer 43

sutures

Question 44

There four general sutures in the skull:

Answer 44

1. lambdoid suture (between the occipital and parietal bones) 2. coronal suture (between the frontal and parietal bones) 3. sagittal suture (between the two parietal bones) 4. squamous sutures (between the temporal and parietal bones)

Question 45

form the entrances for the respiratory and digestive tracts.

Answer 45

facial bones

Question 46

the facial bones consists of:

Answer 46

1. Mandible 2. Maxillae 3. Zygomatics 4. Lacrimals 5. Nasals 6. Vomer 7. Palatine 8. Nasal conchae *bones that give shape to the nasal cavity

Question 47

Bones of the Ear:

Answer 47

1. Malleus 2. Stapes 3. Incus

Question 48

Laryngeal Section (bones):

Answer 48

1. Larynx/ Laryngeal Skeleton 2. Hyoid Bone

Question 49

It is a flexible column formed by a series of 24 vertebrae plus the sacrum and coccyx .

Answer 49

vertebral column

Question 50

The vertebral column is grouped into five regions:

Answer 50

1. the cervical spine (C01- C07) 2. the thoracic spine (T01- T-12) 3. the lumbar spine (L01-L05) 4. the sacral spine 5. the coccygeal spine.

Question 51

Functions of Vertebral Column:

Answer 51

1. serves either directly or indirectly as anchor of all the bones 2. Supports the head and protects the spina chord 3. Provides attachment for the ribs.

Question 52

formed by the ribs and sternum, protects internal organs and gives attachment to muscles involved in respiration and upper limb movement.

Answer 52

thoracic cage

Question 53

consists of the manubrium, body of the sternum, and xiphoid process.

Answer 53

sternum

Question 54

* consists of the scapulae and clavicles. * connects the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton. * provide attachment for muscles that move the shoulders and upper limbs.

Answer 54

Shoulder/ Pectoral Girdle

Question 55

Bones of the Upper Limb

Answer 55

include the bones of the arm (humerus), forearm (radius and ulna), wrist, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.

Question 56

it includes 5 bones of the palm and 14 fingers.

Answer 56

hand bones

Question 57

Wrist bones are ____, while bones of the palm are the ______, and ____ are the bones of the fingers.

Answer 57

carpals; metacarpals; phalanges

Question 58

It is a ring of bones attached to the vertebral column that connects the bones of the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

Answer 58

pelvic girdle

Question 59

The pelvic girdle consists of the right and left hip bones. Each hip bone is a large, flattened, and irregularly shaped fusion of three bones:

Answer 59

the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Question 60

* It consists of the tarsal (bones of the ankle) * the phalanges (forms the toes) * the metatarsals (that give the foot its arch).

Answer 60

foot bones

Question 61

are formed by the interlocking bones and ligaments of the foot.

Answer 61

foot arches

Question 62

serve as shock-aborbing structures that support body weight and distribute stress evenly during walking.

Answer 62

foot arches

Question 63

runs from the calcaneus to the heads of the metatarsals and has medial and lateral parts.

Answer 63

longitudinal arch of the foot

Question 64

runs across the cuneiforms and the base of the metatarsal bones.

Answer 64

The transverse arch of the foot

Question 65

is an area where bones come together.

Answer 65

joints

Question 66

It is the structure that enables the mobility or flexibility of human body.

Answer 66

joints

Question 67

Skeletal joints are classified into three based on the degree of movement it allows:

Answer 67

immovable joints, slightly movable joints, and movable joints.

Question 68

known as synarthroses or Fibrous joints because the bones are held together by a tough fibrous connective tissue. These joints are found in the adult cranium.

Answer 68

Immovable (fixed) Joints

Question 69

known as amphiarthroses or cartilaginous joints. The bones can move a little, but ligaments stop them from moving too far. Cartilaginous joints connect vertebrae to one another and connect some of the ribs to the sternum.

Answer 69

Slightly Movable Joints

Question 70

known as diarthroses or synovial joints. They are freely movable and all the moving parts are held together by ligaments. In this type of joint, the ends of bones are covered with cartilage and enclosed in a fluid-filled capsule.

Answer 70

Movable joints

Question 71

are characterized by the presence of an articular capsule between the two joined bones.

Answer 71

Synovial joints

Question 72

six types of synovial joints:

Answer 72

1) Gliding joints 2) condyloid 3) Saddle 4) ball and socket 5) hinge joint 6) Pivot joint

Question 73

joints move against each other on a single plane.

Answer 73

Gliding joints

Question 74

joint allows for circular motion, flexion, and extension. The wrist joint between the radius and the carpal bones is an example

Answer 74

condyloid joint.

Question 75

joint allows for flexion, extension, and other movements, but no rotation.

Answer 75

saddle joint

Question 76

This joint allows the greatest freedom of movement that can rotate on any axis.

Answer 76

ball and socket

Question 77

It permits movement in only one direction: forward and backward movement. These joints allow for flexion and extension. It is found in the elbows and knees.

Answer 77

hinge joint

Question 78

It provides rotation. At the top of the spine, the atlas and axis form a _____ joint that allows for rotation of the head.

Answer 78

pivot joint