Skeletal (general)

Question 1

Name the 5 functions of the skeletal system:

Answer 1

1) Supports surrounding tissue
2) Protect vital organs
3) Acts as levers for soft tissue
4) Site for Hematopoiesis
5) Storage for mineral salts (Ca, Phosphorus and fat)

Question 2

What is a fetal skeleton composed of at 3 months?

Answer 2

Primarily hyaline cartilage. It acts as the environment for ossification to occur.

Question 3

What cell builds up bone?

Answer 3

Osteoblasts

Question 4

What causes bones to further develop?

Answer 4

Strain or pressure

Question 5

What reabsorbs injured bone?

Answer 5

Osteoclasts

Question 6

What are the two types of ossification?

Answer 6

1) Intramembranous ossification: a process in which dense connective membrane is replaced by deposits of inorganic calcium salts. (Bones of the cranium)
2) Endochondral ossification: Cartilge is the environment where the bone cells will develop. (All other bones develop this way)

Question 7

What two hormones regulate Ca uptake and release from bones into blood?

Answer 7

1) Calcitonin: causes Ca to be stored in bones

2) Parathormone:causes Ca to be released from bone into the blood stream

Question 8

Where is the Harversian System found? Describe how it works

Answer 8

Found in compact bones. Haversian canals or osteons are small canals containing blood vessels running // to the surface of compact bone and are surrounded by concentric rings of solid bone called Lamelle (this give it strength against torsion)
Within the rings of bone are cavities called Lacuna which have osteocytes within the cavity. The lacunae are connected to each other and to smaller canals called canaliculi. The tissue fluid that circulates within the canaliculi carries nutrients and oxygen while removing waste products.

Question 9

What is another name for spongy bone and what is it made of?

Answer 9

Also called Cancellous bone. It is made up of a mesh work called trabeculae. This makes the bone strong but light. The spaces in between the trabeculae are filled with yellow (fat) or red (hematopoiesis)

Question 10

What are the five different classification of bones and explain each?

Answer 10

1) Long bones: have shaft (diaphysis), a flared portion at the end of the diaphysis called a metaphysics. The two extremities are called epiphyses. Found in phalanges, and femur.
2) Short bones: some what irregular shape ie)tarsal bones of foot.
3) Flat bones: flat, serves to protect or provide places of attachment for muscle. Ie) cranium, ribs
4) Irregular bones: weird shape such as vertebrae or the ossicles of the ear
5) Sesamoid bones: small rounded enclosed in tendon and facial tissue near joints such as the patella

Question 11

What does the hyoid bone articulate with and what is its primary job?

Answer 11

It doesn’t articulate with any other bone. It is suspended by ligaments from the styloid process of the temporal bone. It’s function is to support the tongue.