Skeletal System 1

Question 1

Number of bones in human body?

Answer 1

206 bones

Question 2

Two divisions of skeletal bones?

Answer 2

Axial & appendicular skeleton

Question 3

Number of Axial skeletal bones?

Answer 3

80 bones across the brain, spine, ribs, vertebra, thorax

Question 4

Number of bones in appendicular skeletal system?

Answer 4

126 - arms, legs, limbs and parts of pelvis

Question 5

Five functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 5

Support, protection, movement, storage of minerals & fat and blood cell production

Question 6

What are the four classifications of bone?

Answer 6

short, long, flat, irregular & sesamoid

Question 7

Short bones description & example?

Answer 7

Cube shaped, spongy bone with thin layer of compact bone - carpals (wrist)

Question 8

Long bones description & example?

Answer 8

Longer in length than width, curved at ends - humerus

Question 9

Flat bones description & example?

Answer 9

Thin bilayer of compact bone tissue filled with spongy - sternum

Question 10

Irregular bones description & example?

Answer 10

Complex shaped, vary in sponge and compact tissue - vertebrae

Question 11

Sigmoid bones description & example?

Answer 11

Special bones developed in places of abrasion or tension such as palms and knees - patella

Question 12

What is the Diaphysis?

Answer 12

Bone’s main body

Question 13

What is the Metaphysis?

Answer 13

Between the epiphysis and diaphysis and contains cartilage growth plates

Question 14

What is the Epiphysis?

Answer 14

Distal ends of long bones

Question 15

What is the Periosteum?

Answer 15

Outer layer of bone bilayer of tough connective tissue which covers, and protects the bone

Question 16

What is the Medulla Cavity?

Answer 16

Hollow cavity within the diaphysis which house yellow marrow and blood vessels

Question 17

What is the Endosteum?

Answer 17

Inner layer of bone thin membrane lining medullary cavity

Question 18

What is Articular Cartilage?

Answer 18

Hyaline cartilage covering Epiphysis to reduce friction and abrasion to connecting joints

Question 19

What is compact bone?

Answer 19

Forms body of the bone, and outer covering of epiphysis

Question 20

What is spongy bone?

Answer 20

Found inside the epiphysis

Question 21

What is osseous tissue made of?

Answer 21

15% water, 30% collagen and 55% crystallized mineral salts

Question 22

How much of bone is compact and spongy?

Answer 22

80% compact & 20% spongy

Question 23

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

Answer 23

Osteons

Question 24

What is the osteon?

Answer 24

A group of hollow tubes (lamellae) of bone matrix arranged like the growth rings of a tree trunk.

Question 25

What is the central canal & location?

Answer 25

Containing blood vessels which are surrounded by tree-rings of extracellular bone matrix hollow tubes called lamellae in compact bone

Question 26

What are between the lamellae?

Answer 26

Small gaps called lacuna which house osteocytes

Question 27

What does the central canal contain?

Answer 27

Nerves fibers & a network of blood vessels

Question 28

What surrounds the central canal?

Answer 28

Lamellae embedded with collagen fibers that each run-in directions according to the greatest force and provide resistance to twisting force and tensile strength.

Question 29

What basic structure do spongy bone exhibit?

Answer 29

Honeycomb structure of flat bones called trabeculae & between them red bone marrow

Question 30

What are the four bone cell types?

Answer 30

Osteoproginator cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, & osteoclasts

Question 31

What are Osteoproginator cells?

Answer 31

Only bone cells that divide and form osteoblasts

Question 32

What are Osteoblasts?

Answer 32

Young bone cells that build bones and surround themselves in bone extracellular matrix and get stuck in their secretions to form osteocytes

Question 33

What are osteocytes?

Answer 33

Mature bone cells found in lacuna surrounded by matrix and maintain bone tissue nourishment and waste exchange

Question 34

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 34

Formed from WBC monocytes & destroy bone matrix

Question 35

What two materials do bones consist of?

Answer 35

Inorganic & organic materials

Question 36

What is & functions of inorganic material?

Answer 36

Minerals that provide bones with hardness

Question 37

What is & functions of organic material?

Answer 37

Carbs, proteins, & provide bones with flexibility and strength

Question 38

Bone composition of youth?

Answer 38

Higher organic = flexibility