Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the bones functions?

Answer 1

• Give shape to our bodies
• Protect internal organs
• Aid in movement
• House tissues that produce blood cells
• Store Inorganic Salts

Question 2

How does blood cell formation work?

Answer 2

• The process of blood formation is called hematopoiesis
• Occurs thanks to the marrow, a soft netlike connective tissue located inside long bone

Question 3

What are the two kinds of marrow?

Answer 3

Red: Forms red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Yellow: stores fat

Question 4

Bone Cells

Answer 4

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes

Question 5

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 5

Responsible for building new bone tissue

Question 6

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 6

Breakdown bone tissue

Question 7

What are osteocytes?

Answer 7

Osteoblasts that are completely surrounded by the tissue they made

Question 8

Homeostasis of Bones

Answer 8

• After being formed, bones are continuously managed by osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
• Hormones that regulate blood calcium help control these opposing action of bone breakdown and build-up.

Question 9

factors the affect bone development are?

Answer 9

• Nutrition
• Hormonal Secretion
• Exercise

Question 10

Nutrition

Answer 10

• Calcium intake is very important for bone strength
• Vitamin D intake is also crucial to ensure proper absorption of calcium

Question 11

Hormones

Answer 11

• Growth hormones secreted by the pituitary gland stimulate division of cartilage cells
• Sex hormones stimulate ossification of the epithyseal plates (Growth Plates)

Question 12

Exercise

Answer 12

• Any exercise that results in stress being placed on bones causes tissue breakdown.
• In order to maintain health, the body must therefore thicken and strengthen the bones.
• Activities such a running are great for bone density due to the constant pounding, while activities such as swimming are not very effective.

Question 13

What are the types of bones?

Answer 13

1. Long bone
2. Short Bone
3. flat bone
4. Irregular bone
5. Sesamoid (round) bone

Question 14

Long bone

Answer 14

Have long longitudinal axes and expanded ends.

Question 15

what are the parts of a long bone?

Answer 15

• Epiphysis an expanded portion on either side of the bone that forms articulations aka joints with other bones.
• Articular Cartilage: Hyaline Cartilage covering the part of the bone forming a joint
• Diaphysis: The shaft of the bone
• Periosteum: a tough vascular and fibrous covering that completely covers the bone
• Compact Bone: Mainly found in the diaphysis
• Spongy bone: located in the epiphysis
• Medullary cavity: Hollow chamber
• Marrow: Specialized soft connective tissue in the medullary cavity

Question 16

Short bone

Answer 16

Somewhat cubelike, with their lengths and widths mostly equal

Question 17

Flat bone

Answer 17

Platelike structures with broad surfaces, skull

Question 18

Irregular bone

Answer 18

Have a variety of shapes and are usually connected to several other bones (face)

Question 19

Sesamoid (round) bone

Answer 19

Usually small and nodular, and are embedded within tendons adjacent to the joints

Question 20

What are the two parts of skeletal organization?

Answer 20

Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton

Question 21

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 21

The bones that support/ protect the head, neck, and trunk

Question 22

What is the appendicular Skeleton?

Answer 22

the bones of the upper and lower limbs, as well as the bones that anchor them to the axial skeleton

Question 23

what are the points of interest for axial Skeleton?

Answer 23

• Skull
• Hyoid Bone
• Vertebral column
  Vertebrae
  Sacrum
  Coccyx
• Thoracic Cage
  Ribs
  Sternum

Question 24

Skull

Answer 24

Comprised of the cranium aka the bones of the head and the facial bones

Question 25

Hyoid Bone

Answer 25

- Located in the beck between the lower jaw and the larynx - Supports the tongue and serves as an attachment for certain muscles that help the tongue move during swallowing.

Question 26

Vertebral column

Answer 26

- Contains vertebrae* separated by intervertebral discs - Towards the end of the spine the vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum - The sacrum* is part of the pelvis - The coccyx is a small tailbone made of fused disks that sit on the end of the sacrum.

Question 27

What are the three sections of the vertebral column?

Answer 27

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar

Question 28

cervical

Answer 28

the closest section to the head. Responsible for supporting the skull and allowing it to turn.

Question 29

how many vertebrae does cervical contain?

Answer 29

7

Question 30

Thoracic

Answer 30

The middle section of the column, serve as articulation points for some ribs.

Question 31

how many vertebrae does thoracic contain

Answer 31

12

Question 32

Lumbar

Answer 32

The lowest part of the column, also the thickest vertebrae. Responsible for managing the weight of the column.

Question 33

how many vertebrae does lumbar contain

Answer 33

5

Question 34

thoracic cage

Answer 34

- Made up of the ribs and sternum - Support the pectoral girdle - Protects vital organs

Question 35

sternum ( breast bone)

Answer 35

Made up of three parts Upper part: the manubrium Middle part: body Lower part: xiphoid