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Anatomy 1 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

typically how many bones are in the body

A

206

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2
Q

what are bones connected by

A

joints

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3
Q

state the 5 main functions of the skeleton

A

support
protect
movement/location
mineral storage
blood cell production

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4
Q

name the 2 cells involved in bone remodeling

A

osteoblast/osteoclasts

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5
Q

define osteoblasts

A

lay down new bone

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6
Q

define osteoclasts

A

break down old bone

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7
Q

define the term “woven” bone

A

Woven bone is characterized by randomly oriented collagen fibers. It is formed during fetal development or bone repair and is later remodeled into lamellar bone.

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8
Q

define the term “lamellar” bone

A

Lamellar bone is mature bone, with collagen fibers arranged in parallel layers. It is composed of osteons (in compact bone).

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9
Q

what 2 component make up the skeleton

A

Axial Sksleton and Apendiculat Sksleton

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10
Q

what is consisted within the axial skeleton (state the amount of bones)

A

CRANKUM/SKULL-22 bones
viscerocranium-14
neurocranium-8
VERTEBRAL COLUMN-33bones/verterbrae
Rib cage-(12 pairs)+sternum

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11
Q

what is consisted in the apendicular skeleton (and the number of bones)

A

UPPER LIMB
pectoral girddle (clavicle/scapula)
bones of arms and hands
LOWER LIMB
pelvic girdle (illium,ischium,pubis)
bones of legs and feet

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12
Q

discuss the structure of short bones

A

similar to long bones
bones of wrists and ankles

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13
Q

discuss the structure of flat bones (give examples)

A

thin, flat usually curved
skull ,sternu, scapula,ribs

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14
Q

discuss the structure of irregular bones (give examples)

A

irregular and don’t fit into other categories
vertebrae, sacrum

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15
Q

discuss the structure of sesamoid bones (give examples)

A

small, round bones embedded in tendons
protect tendons+increase movement
patella

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16
Q

define the structure of long bones

A

LONG TUBE-LIKE DIAPHYSIS
• Strong with some flexibility
• Mostly compact bone

TWO EPIPHYSES
• Articulating surfaces for joints
• Mostly spongy bone, with a thin layer of compact bone on the surface

EPIPHYSEAL GROWTH PLATE
• Separates diaphysis and epiphyses
• Site of bone growth in length
• Once growth is complete, the plate ossifies and becomes the epiphyseal line

PERIOSTEUM
• Covers the outer surface of the bone
• Site of tendon and ligament attachment

ENDOSTEUM
• Lines internal surfaces, including the medullary cavity
• Contains bone-forming cells

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17
Q

define the term “joints”

A

place where 2 or more bones make contact

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18
Q

name the 3 types of joints

A

fibrous,cartilaginous,synovial

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19
Q

define fibrous joints

A

bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue

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20
Q

define carilaginous joints

A

bones joined by cartilage

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21
Q

define “synovial” joints

A

bones not directly joind
-bones have a synovial cavity United by articulad capsule
-allows movement…limited by shape of synovial joints

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22
Q

describe the “spine”

A

main axis of skeleton
consist of 33 bones

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23
Q

how many vertevraes are in the body

A

24 vertebrae

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24
Q

name the parts of the spine (and number of vertebrae) they consist

A

cervical (7)
thorassic (12)
lumbar (5)
sacrum (5 fused veryeebrss)
coccyx (4 fused vertebrae)

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25
name the properties of the spine
-vertebrae stacked -connected by joints -form stable flexible column
26
describe the "body" of the vertebrae
large flat disk shape,flat surfaces face inf/superior
27
describe "pedicile " of verterbae
foot of arch on either side
28
describe "foramen" of veetebrae
hole of spinal chord
29
describe "arch" of vertebrae
lateral and posterior walls of foramen
30
describe "lamina"
posterior part of arch
31
describe spineouss process of spinal chord
process where lamina join, site of muscle attachment
32
name the 2 joints between verterbae
zyagophyseal joints/invertabral disk
33
describe the zyagophyseal joints
-plannar joint -allow restricted sliding movements
34
discuss the properties of the "invertebral disc"
prevent bodies rubbing between vertebral bodies acts as a shock absorber enable limited movement in all direction fibrocartilage
35
what makes up the "disks"
-external annulus fibrosus:fibrous sack -internal nucleus:core,gel-like material
36
with increased age, what happensto the disks
they become compressed hence why people "shrink" and also "weaken" with age
37
what is the point of the 4 major spine curves
-accommodate upright posture -allign body weight with limbs
38
discuss the primary curvurture of the spine (outward/kyphosis)
present in neonate, natural embryonic outward curve of back
39
discuss the secondary structure of spine (inward/lordosis)
-cervical-developed after birth when baby lifts head -lumbar when child starts to sit and walk
40
discuss the properties of "cervical" vertebrae
small body (dislocation common) bifid spinous process have transverse foramen for vertebral artery C1-atlas-no body or spineous process C2-axiz-good rotation has dens to fit into atlas C7-prominent spine process
41
describe properties "thoracic" veterbrae
-long process -joint facets for the ribs on transverse process
42
define lumbar vertebrae
-large thick body + long process -ruptured disks common due to weight of body
43
define "saacrum" of the vertebrae
-transverse process fused to form lateral part -spineous process partially fuse to form sacral crest on dorsum
44
define "coccyx" of vertebrae
3-5 fused vertebrae small vertebrae, no foramen or obvious process easily broken if landed on
45
name the 3 unnatural curvesv
-scoliosis -enhanced lorosis -enhanced kyphosis
46
define scoliosis
lateral (sideways) curverature off backbone causes a-symetric posture
47
define "enhanced kyphosis"
excessive outward curvurture of the spine, typically in thorassic part, causing hunching of back
48
define "enhanced lordosis"
increased inward curvurture of spine typically in lumbar or cervical part e,G ankylosing, spondylitis
49
name the 6 components of the rib cage
head neck tubercle angle shaft costel cartelege
50
describe the head of the rib cage
articular facet, forms joint with vertebrae bodies
51
describe the neck of the rib cage
between head and tubercle
52
ddescribe the tubercle of ribcage
forms joint with transverse process of verterbae
53
describe the angle of the vertebrae
lateral to tubercle, greatest curvurture but weakest partc
54
describe shaft of the rib cage
main part of rib and costal groove for intercostal nerve and blood vessels
55
describe costal cartilage of rib cage
forms joint with sternum
56
what is the "sternum" also known as
breast bone
57
discuss the properties of "maniburium"of the sternum
-jugular notch on top -can bee felt at the root of neck -clavicular notch for clavicle -articular facets for 1st (2nd) rib -joins body of the sternum at sternal angle with a "symphysis"
58
describe the "body" of the sternum
2nd-7th rib articulates with the sternum body
59
describe the xiphoid process of the sternum
sword shaped cartilage
60
describe "true ribs"
1st-7th pair directly attached to sternum through costal cartelege
61
describe "false ribs"
8th-10th pair they share a common carilingous connection to the sternum
62
describe the "vertibral body" that connect ribs\vertebrae
two demifacets on each side two vertebrae together forms a "socket" ford rib head
63
describe the "transverce process" of the ribs/verterbae
one articulate facet for tubercle of the rib (costotransverse rib)

Anatomy 1 (8 decks)

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