Skeletal System

Question 1

Exoskeletons are…

Answer 1

Hard, outer skeleton that is outside of the body

Question 2

What animal families do exoskeletons belong to?

Answer 2

Arthropods (insects, arachnids, and crustaceans) and mollusks with shells (clams and snails)

Question 3

Endoskeletons are…

Answer 3

Embedded within the muscle

Question 4

What animal families do endoskeletons belong to?

Answer 4

domestic animals

Question 5

The Axial Skeleton contains what bones and functions in…

Answer 5

Contains skull, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum; serves to protect major organs

Question 6

The Appendicular Skeleton contains what bones and functions in…

Answer 6

Contains appendages or limbs (wings, tails, legs, and arms); aids in the motion of the organism.

Question 7

Heterotropic bones are…

Answer 7

Embedded in the organs, and sometimes don’t serve a function

Question 8

Origin is attached to a __________ part of bone

Answer 8

stationary

Question 9

Insertion is attached to a ________ section of bone

Answer 9

mobile

Question 10

Tendons attach ______ to ______

Answer 10

muscle to bone

Question 11

Ligaments attach _____ to ______

Answer 11

bone to bone

Question 12

epiphysis

Answer 12

the 2 ends of long bone

Question 13

diaphysis

Answer 13

the shaft of long bone

Question 14

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 14

growth region of cartilage between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

Question 15

Epiphyseal line

Answer 15

line formed in the bone when growth has ended

Question 16

Endosteum

Answer 16

membrane lining of the medullary cavity

Question 17

Periosteum

Answer 17

membrane covering the outer surface of bone composed of connective tissue

Question 18

Medullary cavity

Answer 18

hallow area in the center of the bone where bone marrow is location

Question 19

The bone marrow functions to…

Answer 19

produce blood cells

Question 20

Diploe

Answer 20

spongey bone

Question 21

Compact bone

Answer 21

dense, hard layer of bone

Question 22

YELLOW bone marrow vs RED bone marrow

Answer 22

YELLOW: composed of adipocytes and stem cells

RED: gives rise to RBCs, platelets, and some WBCs

Question 23

What are the 5 bone classifications?

Answer 23

1. long bone
2. flat bone
3. short bone
4. irregular bone
5. pneumatic bone

Question 24

Long bones are _____ and function in _____

Answer 24

dumb-bell shaped; aid in movement and carry the weight of the body

ex: femur, fibula, tibia

Question 25

Flat bones are _____ and function in _______

Answer 25

thin and curved; providing protection to vital organs ex: skull, sternum, costae

Question 26

Short bones are ____ and function in ______

Answer 26

round or cubicle; reducing friction and concussion ex: carpels (wrist, ankle)

Question 27

Sesamoid bones are _____ and function in _____

Answer 27

bones that form in tendons; aid in movement

Question 28

Irregular bones are...

Answer 28

bones of vertebral column

Question 29

Pneumatic bones are _____ and function in _______

Answer 29

bones that contain spaces filled with air; allow for flight (in birds due to reduced weight) and help warm and condition air as it is inspired

Question 30

Vertebrae Names: C= T= L= S= Cy=

Answer 30

C= cervical T= thoracic L= lumbar S= sacral Cy= coccygeal

Question 31

Joints are...

Answer 31

where 2 or more bones meet

Question 32

The three types of joints are...

Answer 32

1.) Fibrous/ immoveable 2.) Cartilaginous/ slightly moveable 3.) Synovial/ freely moving

Question 33

Fibrous joints are held together by...

Answer 33

fibers

Question 34

Cartilaginous joints are held together by...

Answer 34

ligaments and padded with cartilage

Question 35

Synovial joints are the...

Answer 35

largest group of joints in the body

Question 36

DEGREES OF JOINTS

Question 37

Immoveable

Answer 37

non-mobile

Question 38

Hinge

Answer 38

extension and flexion ex: elbow and knee

Question 39

Pivot

Answer 39

rotation of one bone around another

Question 40

Ball and socket

Answer 40

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation ex: shoulder and hip joints

Question 41

Condyloid

Answer 41

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction; found in the wrist and foot

Question 42

Gliding

Answer 42

allows for smooth gliding motions; found in the wrist and vertebrae

Question 43

Saddle

Answer 43

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction; found in the thumb