Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeletal systems?

Answer 1

Structure, Protection, support and shape for the body, synthesis of blood and immune cells, and stores calcium, phosphate and lipids

Question 2

What are the different type of bones?

Answer 2

Long, short, flat, irregular

Question 3

Dimensions of the long bones

Answer 3

Longer lengths, shorter widths

Question 4

Which parts of the body make up the long bones?

Answer 4

Arms and legs

Question 5

What are some examples of long bones

Answer 5

Femur, Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Tibia, Fibula

Question 6

What are at the end of long bones?

Answer 6

Growth platesW

Question 7

What are the two types of marrows?

Answer 7

Yellow Marrow and Red bone marrow

Question 8

What is the yellow marrow?

Answer 8

Stores lipids

Question 9

What is the red bone marrow

Answer 9

Site of blood cells production (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)

Question 10

Where is the red bone marrow located

Answer 10

At the ends of the long bones

Question 11

Dimensions of short bones

Answer 11

Length and width are the same length

Question 12

Examples of short bones

Answer 12

carpal (wrist) and patella (ankle)

Question 13

Traits of short bones

Answer 13

Thin and flat – used to protect vital organs

Question 14

Examples of irregular bones

Answer 14

coxa (hip) and vertebrae

Question 15

What are joints?

Answer 15

Where bones meet other bones

Question 16

What joints are movable?

Answer 16

Ball and socket joint. Ex. hips and shoulders

Question 17

What are ligaments

Answer 17

bones are attached to other bones

Question 18

What is an example of an immovable joint

Answer 18

Skull

Question 19

What are is the purpose of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 19

Prevents bones from grinding against each other

Question 20

What are Synovial joints

Answer 20

• Movable joints with fluid-filled cavity
  -reduces friction– allows smooth movements

Question 21

What are osteons

Answer 21

tubular structures where bones are synthesized

Question 22

What do osteons consist of

Answer 22

1. calcium and phosphate-rich hydroxyapatite embedded in a collagen matrix
2. Functional units of compact bone
3. AKA haversian system

Question 23

What are bones covered by

Answer 23

Periosteum– fibrous sheath. Contains of blood vessels and nervous

Question 24

What are the two types of bone cells

Answer 24

Multinucleated osteoclasts and Mononucleated osteoblasts

Question 25

Purposes of Mononucleate osteoblasts

Answer 25

1. Replaces cartilage 2. secrete mineral deposits that from the matrix

Question 26

What are common bone disease?

Answer 26

Osteoporosis, Arthritis, Brittle Bone disease

Question 27

Correlation between skeletal and muscular system

Answer 27

Involved in movement

Question 28

Osteoporosis

Answer 28

A disease that causes brittle, fragile bones

Question 29

Osteoarthritis

Answer 29

Degenerative joint disease

Question 30

Long bones

Answer 30

Bones that have a pronounced longitudinal axis

Question 31

Growth plate

Answer 31

Hyaline cartilage in long bones where bone elongation happens. Also known as the epiphyseal plate

Question 32

Short bones

Answer 32

Bones that are similar in both length and width, such as those found in the wrist. They have limited articulation with each other as gliding joints

Question 33

Flat bones

Answer 33

Thin bones that have a plate-like shape, such as bones of the cranium

Question 34

Irregular bones

Answer 34

Bones that do not fit into the three bone shape categories: flat bone, long bone, short bone

Question 35

Joints

Answer 35

Places in the skeletal system where bones meet other bones. Some joints are movable, and some are immovable because the bones are fused together

Question 36

Ball-and-socket joints

Answer 36

A type of synovial joint where a rounded bone end (ball) fits into a cup-like cavity (socket), allowing movement in multiple directions, including rotation. Ex. include the shoulder and hip joints

Question 37

Immovable

Answer 37

Joints, such as those between the plates of the skull, that do not allow motion​​​​​​​

Question 38

Ligaments

Answer 38

A tough connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

Question 39

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 39

The kind of connective tissue that protects bone in articulating joints

Question 40

Cartilage

Answer 40

The primary structural protein of connective tissue

Question 41

Hinge joint

Answer 41

A joint that allows for flexion and extension of the more distal bone along only one plane

Question 42

Osteons

Answer 42

Tubular structures that make up compact bone

Question 43

Compact (dense) bones

Answer 43

Bone containing densely packed osteons that make up the peripheral layer of bone

Question 44

Osteocytes

Answer 44

Osteocytes are star-shaped cells that maintain bone and are able to sense physical stresses

Question 45

Lacunae

Answer 45

Microscopic pits in bones that contain osteocytes and connect to each other within an osteon by way of canaliculi

Question 46

Periosteum

Answer 46

A thin layer that surrounds bone and is the surface for attachment of tendons and ligaments

Question 47

Osteoclasts

Answer 47

Cells that REMOVE bone cells

Question 48

Osteoblasts

Answer 48

Osteocytes are star-shaped cells that maintain bone and are able to sense physical stresses. Their long projections connect to each other through the canaliculi of bones

Question 49

Brittle bone disease

Answer 49

(Osteogenesis imperfecta) A group of diseases that affect collagen and result in fragile bones

Question 50

Prime mover

Answer 50

The contracting muscle in the pair of muscles that is involved in a given movement; also called the agonist

Question 51

Antagonist

Answer 51

The relaxed muscle in the pair of muscles that is involved in a given movement

Question 52

Composition of the bone

Answer 52

Osteon, periosteum, osteon of compact bone, trabeculae of spongy bone, haversian canal. volkmann's canal

Question 53

Composition of the osteon

Answer 53

Lacunae, lamellae, canaliculi

Question 54

Anatomy of the skull

Answer 54

Cranium and mandible

Question 55

Anatomy of the spinal column

Answer 55

Cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae

Question 56

Anatomy of chest

Answer 56

clavicle, sternum, scapula, ribs

Question 57

Parts of the arms

Answer 57

Humerus, ulna, radius

Question 58

Parts of the hand

Answer 58

carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 59

Parts of the hips

Answer 59

pelvis, sacrum, coccyx

Question 60

Parts of the legs

Answer 60

Femur, patella, tibia, fibula

Question 61

Parts of the foot

Answer 61

tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges