Skeletal System 2 - axial

Question 1

how many bones in the skull?

Answer 1

usually 22

Question 2

cranium

Answer 2

contains 8 bones, encloses and protects brain

Question 3

facial skeleton

Answer 3

14 bones, form shape of face

Question 4

paranasal sinuses

Answer 4

air-filled cavities in some cranial and facial bones, reduce weight of skull and increase intensity of voice

Question 5

Remember cranial bones

Answer 5

PEST OF 6

2P- parietal bones
E- ethmoid bone
S- sphenoid bone
2T- temporal bone
O- occipital bone
F- frontal bone

6 different types

Question 6

remember facial bones

Answer 6

Virgil Can Never Make My Pet Zebra Laugh

V- Vomer
2C- conchae (inferior)
2N- Nasal bone
2M- Maxilla
M- Mandible
P- palatine bone
Z- zygomatic bone
2L- lacrimal bones

Question 7

maxillae

Answer 7

form upper jaw, anterior roof of mouth (hard palate), floors of eye orbits, sides and floors of nasal cavity

Question 8

mandibular foramen

Answer 8

admits blood vessels and nerves for lower teeth

Question 9

mental foramen

Answer 9

allows blood vessels and nerves to emerge in chin area

Question 10

characteristics of infantile skull

Answer 10

incompletely developed at birth

small face, large orbits, prominent forehead

small nasal cavity and jaw

sinuses not completely formed

bones are thin and flexible

presence of fontanels

Question 11

fontanel

Answer 11

fibrous membranes that connect cranial bones, where intramembranous ossification is incomplete

allow skull to change shape slightly during birth

four major fontanels close between 2 months and 2 years of age

Question 12

vertebral column

Answer 12

*forms vertical axis of skeleton
*consists of many vertebrae separated by cartilaginous intervertebral discs and connected by ligaments
* supports head and trunk, permits several types of movements
*protects spinal cord in vertebral canal
*33 separate bones in infant, 26 in adult

Question 13

4 curvatures of vertebral column

Answer 13

cervical curvature (secondary)

thoracic curvature (primary)

lumbar curvature (secondary)

sacral curvature (primary)

Question 14

vertebral columns consist of

Answer 14

7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
5 fused sacral vertebrae form sacrum
4 fused coccygeal vertebrae form coccyx

Question 15

pedicles

Answer 15

stalks that project from body of vertebra, form sides of vertebral foramen

Question 16

laminae (vertebra)

Answer 16

plates that arise from pedicles, fuse to become spinous process

Question 17

spinous process

Answer 17

posterior projection of vertebrae

Question 18

transverse process

Answer 18

lateral projections

Question 19

vertebral foramen

Answer 19

opening for spinal cord

Question 20

what are the smallest vertebrae?

Answer 20

cervical vertebrae

Question 21

transverse foramina

Answer 21

openings for arteries leading to brain; only found on cervical vertebrae

Question 22

vertebral prominens

Answer 22

C7, spinous process is longer than other cervical vertebrae, can be felt through skin and used as a landmark

Question 23

atlas (vertebrae)

Answer 23

C1, supports head, articulates with occipital condyles

Question 24

axis (vertebrae)

Answer 24

C2, Atlas pivots around the dens of axis

Question 25

foramen means...

Answer 25

hole

Question 26

when does the tailbone fuse?

Answer 26

between 25 and 30 yrs

Question 27

scoliosis

Answer 27

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, leading to compression of visceral organ

Question 28

compression fractures

Answer 28

fractures of vertebral bodies; more common with age, back may eventually bow

Question 29

how many pairs of ribs do humans have?

Answer 29

12 pairs, though some people have extra

Question 30

true ribs

Answer 30

7 pairs, connect directly to sternuma

Question 31

false ribs

Answer 31

5 pairs costal- upper 3 pairs, connect to cartilage floating ribs- lower 2 pairs, do not connect to sternum

Question 32

costal cartilage

Answer 32

hyaline cartilage, connects ribs to sternum

Question 33

3 parts of sternum

Answer 33

manubrium - upper part, remains separate bone until middle age body- middle and largest part xiphoid process- lower part (cartilage that ossifies)

Question 34

pectoral girdle

Answer 34

2 clavicles and 2 scapulae