Skeletal System 2 - Bone Growth and Remodelling

Question 1

What is bone remodelling?

Answer 1

Ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

Question 2

The bone remodelling process relies on what 2 factors?

Answer 2

Bone resorption and Bone deposition

Question 3

What is bone resorption?

Answer 3

Destruction of bone extracellular matrix
Performed by osteoclasts | Removal of minerals & collagen from bone

Question 4

What is bone deposition?

Answer 4

Formation of bone extracellular matrix Performed by osteoblasts | Addition of minerals & to bone

Question 5

What percentage of total bone mass is being remodelled at any given time?

Answer 5

5%

Question 6

What percentage of compact bone is remodelled per year?

Answer 6

4%

Question 7

What percentage of spongy bone is remodelled per year?

Answer 7

20%

Question 8

True or False? Remodelling removes injured bone tissue.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False? Remodelling isn’t triggered by lifestyle factors

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Is newer bone more resistant or less resistant to fracture than old bone?

Answer 10

more resistant

Question 11

In resorption, osteoclasts attached to bone at the surface of where?

Answer 11

The endosteum or periosteum

Question 12

In resorption, Calcium & phosphorus enter osteoclasts by?

Answer 12

endocytosis

Question 13

What results in Excessive osteoblast activity?

Answer 13

Bones abnormally thick & heavy | Spurs

Question 14

What results in Excessive osteoclast activity?

Answer 14

Loss of calcium and weakened bones | Osteoporosis

Question 15

What factors underpin bone growth and remodelling?

Answer 15

Minerals - Calcium | Phosphorus | Magnesium | Fluoride | Manganese
Vitamins - Vitamin A | Vitamin C | Vitamin D | Vitamin K | Vitamin B12
Hormones - Insulin growth-like factor | Thyroid hormones | Oestrogen | Testosterone

Question 16

What is a bone fracture?

Answer 16

Any break in the bone

Question 17

What is an open (compound) fracture?

Answer 17

Broken ends of bone protrude through skin

Question 18

What is a closed (simple) fracture?

Answer 18

Broken ends of bone do not break the skin

Question 19

What is a Comminuted fracture?

Answer 19

Bone is splintered, crushed or broken into pieces
Smaller bone fragments lie between two main fragments

Question 20

What is a greenstick fracture?

Answer 20

Partial fracture on one side of the bone
Other side bends

Question 21

What is a Compression fracture?

Answer 21

Compression force causes fracture in vertebrae

Question 22

What is a stress fracture?

Answer 22

Series of microscopic fissures that form in bine without
evidence of injury in other tissues

Question 23

What are the 4 steps of fractured bone repair?

Answer 23

Formation of fracture haematoma
Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodelling

Question 24

Bone strength increases in response to what?

Answer 24

Mechanical stress

Question 25

What type of activities promote increases in bone mass?

Answer 25

Weight bearing

Question 26

True or False? Ageing promotes accelerated bone loss

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Are women or men more at risk of osteoporosis?

Answer 27

Women Process begins during 30’s 30% of calcium lost by 70’s 8% of bone mass lost every 10 years

Question 28

What Condition which causes porous bones?

Answer 28

Osteoporosis

Question 29

What is osteopenia?

Answer 29

Low bone mass

Question 30

What 2 types of medications are used to treat osteoporosis?

Answer 30

Antiresorptive drugs Slow down the progression of bone loss | Bisphosphonates Bone building drugs Promote increase in bone mass | Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 31

Ageing promotes what in bone?

Answer 31

demineralisation

Question 32

How many people have osteoporosis in England and Wales?

Answer 32

>2 million people