Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the two major types of connective tissue in the human skeleton?

Answer 1

1. bone
2. cartilage

Question 2

Each bone in the human body consists of two main types of bone structure. What are these two types?

Answer 2

1. compact bone
2. spongy bone

Question 3

What are the two types of bone marrow found in bones?

Answer 3

1. red marrow (hematopoiesis)
2. yellow marrow (fat storage)

Question 4

What is the function of osteoblasts?Osteoclasts?

Answer 4

Osteoblasts: builds bone

Osteoclasts: consumes bone

Question 5

[Mnemonic]

Osteoblast: Builds

Osteoclast: Consumes

(how to remember the function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts)

Answer 5

OsetoBlast → Builds bone

OsteoClast → Consumes bone

Question 6

Which two endocrine hormones regulate bone remodeling?

Answer 6

1. calcitonin
2. parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in bone remodeling? Calcitonin?

Answer 7

PTH: raises blood calcium levels

Calcitonin: lowers blood calcium levels

Question 8

[Mnemonic]

Calcitonin tones down blood calcium levels.

(how to remember the function of calcitonin)

Answer 8

Calcitonin tones down blood calcium levels by moving calcium into bones.

Question 9

Cartilage differs from bone in its composition. Which two components does cartilage NOT have?

Answer 9

1. blood vessels
2. nerves

Question 10

A synovial joint has a layer of soft tissue called a synovium that secretes synovial fluid. What is the function of this fluid?

Answer 10

Lubricates and nourishes cartilage

Question 11

What are the three components of bone matrix?

Answer 11

1. calcium salts (harden to form hydroxyapatite crystals)
2. collagen
3. glycoproteins