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A&P Lab 2016 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the skeletal system

A

Bones, Joints, Cartilage, Ligaments

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2
Q

2 divisions of the skeleton

A

Axial, Appendicular

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3
Q

Functions of Bones

A 
Support Body
Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached Skeletal muscles 
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation
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4
Q

Adult skeleton has how many bones?

A

206

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5
Q

2 basic types of bone tissue

A

Compact, Spongy

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6
Q

Another name for spongy bone

A

trabecular

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7
Q

5 different bone shapes

A 
Long
Short
Irregular 
Flat 
Sesamoid
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8
Q

Classifications of Long bones

A

Typically longer then wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
contain mostly compact bone

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9
Q

Examples of long bones

A

Femur

Humerus

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10
Q

Classifications of Short bones

A

Generally cube-shaped

Contain mostly spongy bone

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11
Q

Examples of short bone

A

Carpals

Tarsals

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12
Q

Classifications of Flat bones

A

thin and flattened
usually curved
thin layers of compact bone arond a layer of spongy bone

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13
Q

Examples of flat bone

A

Skull
Ribs
Sternum

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14
Q

Classifications of irregular bone

A

Irregular shapes

do not fit into other bone classifications

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15
Q

Examples of Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae

Hip

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16
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of long bone

Composed of compact bone

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17
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of the bone

Composed mostly of spongy bone

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18
Q

Proximal Epiphysis

A

closer to the body

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19
Q

Distal Epiphysis

A

farther from the center of the body

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20
Q

Periosteum

A

Outside covering of diaphysis

Fibrous connective tissue membrane

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21
Q

Sharpeys Fibers

A

Secures periosteum to underlying bone

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22
Q

Arteries

A

Supply bone cells with nutrients

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23
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Covers external surface of epiphyses
Made of hyaline cartilage
Decreases friction at joint surfaces

24
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Cavity of the shaft
Contains yellow bone marrow in adults
Contains red bone marrow in infants

25
Q

Osteon

A

A unit of bone

26
Q

Central canal

A

Opening in the center of the osteon and the length of the bone
Carries blood vessels and nerves

27
Q

Perforating Canal

A

Canal perpendicular to the central canal

Carries blood vessels and nerves

28
Q

Lacunae

A

Cavities containing osteocytes

29
Q

Osteocytes

A

bone cells

30
Q

Arranged in concentric rings

A

Lacunae

31
Q

Lamellae

A

Rings around the central canal, Sites of lacunae

32
Q

Osteoblast

A

build bone

33
Q

Osteoclast

A

reabsorbs bone (chews)

34
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny canals
Radiates from the central canal to lacunae
Form a transport system

35
Q

When developing, the _____ beings the change from cartilage skeleton to bone

A

Runx2

36
Q

Where does cartilage remain isolated as we age

A

Bridge of nose
Parts of ribs
Joints

37
Q

What allows for growth of long bone during childhood

A

Epiphyseal plates

38
Q

Epiphyseal Plates

A

New cartilage is continuously formed

Older cartilage becomes ossified

39
Q

Bone growth

A

Bones are remodeled and lengthened until growth stops, grows in width

40
Q

Appositionally

A

Decrease in bone width

41
Q

What is bone remodeling?

A

bone changes throughout lifetime and requires balance between creation and reabsorption

42
Q

Types of bone fractures

A

Closed (simple)

Open (compound)

43
Q

What is a closed fracture?

A

a break that does not penetrate the skin

44
Q

What is an open fracture?

A

a break that penetrates through the skin

45
Q

How are bone fractures treated?

A

Reduction and immobilization, realignment of the bone

46
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

blood-filled swelling under the skin

47
Q

Why is a hematoma important for broken bones?

A

important for healing, supplies vital nutrients from the blood

48
Q

How does a bone fracture heal?

A

Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus, which is replaced by bony callus then its remodeled to form a permanent patch

49
Q

Types of joints

A

Functional

Structural

50
Q

What do joints do

A

articulate bones

51
Q

Function of joints

A

holds bone together

allows for mobility

52
Q

Functional Classifications of Joints

A

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthrose

53
Q

Synathrose joints

A

immovable joints

54
Q

Amphiarthroses joints

A

slightly moveable joints

55
Q

Diarthroses joints

A

freely movable joints

A&P Lab 2016 (3 decks)

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