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Health > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

There are ___ vertebrae but only ___ are movable.

A

33; 26

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2
Q

What is the smallest bone in the body? Where is it?

A

Stirrup, in the ear

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3
Q

___ bones in the wrists, hands, and fingers

A

54

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4
Q

___ bones in the ankle, feet, and toes

A

52

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5
Q

What does the vertebral column protect?

A

Spinal chord

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6
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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7
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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8
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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9
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5 fuse into 1

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10
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

A

4 fuse into 1

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11
Q

What do ribs protect?

A

Heart, lungs, and liver.

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12
Q

How many pairs of ribs do people usually have?

A

12

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13
Q

How many ribs are connected to the sternum?

A

7

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14
Q

Next 3 ribs are connected to what?

A

Cartilage

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15
Q

What are the last 2 ribs called?

A

Floaters

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16
Q

When you perform a double arm row - shoulders squeezed together and supported by the ________.

A

scapula

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17
Q

Supportive bone in the leg

A

Tibia

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18
Q

Unsupportive bone in the leg

A

Fibula

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19
Q

What does the skull protect?

A

Brain

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20
Q

_____ bones in the head and face, only bone that can move is the _____.

A

29; jaw

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21
Q

Appendicular (arms and legs) has how many bones?

A

126

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22
Q

What are the 4 layers of the bone? Explain them.

A

Periosteum: membrane of the outside of bones
Compact: hard outer bone (what you see in an x-ray)
Spongy: next inner layer
Bone marrow - mainly produces red and yellow blood cells
* Red - makes blood
* Yellow - makes fat

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23
Q

What are the functions of bones?

A
  1. Protects vital organs
  2. Provides support, sets your body’s form
  3. Provides a framework of levers that your muscles are attached to
  4. Makes red blood cells (mainly), sometimes white blood cells and platelets
  5. Storage for calcium and other minerals
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24
Q

List the shapes of bones.

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

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25
Q

List the 3 things that keep your bones strong.

A

Calcium, vitamin D, and resistance training

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26
Q

Ligaments connect _____ to _____.

A

bone to bone

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27
Q

Tendons connect _____ to _____.

A

muscle to bone

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28
Q

What are the functions of cartilage?

A

It is at the ends of bones and is a shock absorber.

29
Q

Ligament in the knee that is called the _________ _________ (in the front).

A

anterior cruciate

30
Q

What is a closed fracture?

A

bone breaks but doesn’t go through the skin

31
Q

What is an open fracture?

A

punctures the skin

32
Q

What is a multiple fracture?

A

two or more breaks to the same bone

33
Q

What is a spiral fracture?

A

fracture caused by twisting

34
Q

What is a green stick fracture?

A

the bone bends and partially breaks but the break is incomplete

35
Q

What is a comminuted fracture?

A

Bone fractures into several pieces

36
Q

List the 6 different fractures.

A 
Open
Closed
Multiple
Spiral
Green stick
Comminuted
37
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Shoulder and hip,

Most moveable joint

38
Q

Hinge joint

A

Elbow and knee

Flexion and extension

39
Q

Pivot joint

A

Radius and neck,

Allows bones to twist or spin

40
Q

Condyloid joint

A

Carpals,

Can do all but rotate

41
Q

Saddle joint

A

Unique to the thumb,

Shaped like a saddle

42
Q

Gliding (plane) joint

A

Metatarsals, metacarpals (hands and feet)

43
Q

Fixed (Synarthroses)

A

Immovable,

Found in your skull

44
Q

Super thick membrane/liquid, allows your joints to not have friction with your bones

A

Bursa

45
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease

46
Q

Extension

A

Increase

47
Q

Abduction

A

Away from the body

48
Q

Adduction

A

Towards the body

49
Q

Rotation

A

Pivots around an axis

50
Q

Circumduction

A

Combination movement

* Greatest range of motion at the joint

51
Q

Supination

A

Hands palms forward and up

52
Q

Pronation

A

Hands palms down and away

53
Q

Eversion

A

Sole of the foot roles out

54
Q

Inversion

A

Foot roles in, sole of the foot roles in

55
Q

Elevation

A

Raising of a body part

56
Q

Depression

A

Lowering of a body part

57
Q

Protraction

A

Body part moves forward

58
Q

Retraction

A

Body part moves back

59
Q

Tear or complete separation of the ligament

A

Sprain

60
Q

Cartilage tears at the knee

A

Meniscus tears

61
Q

Bones are forced out of alignments

A

Dislocation

62
Q

Inflammation of the bursa

A

Bursitis

63
Q

Inflammation of the tendon

A

Tendinitis

64
Q

Inflammation of the joint

A

Arthritis

65
Q

Inflammation at the end of the bone

A

Osteoarthritis

66
Q

Auto immune disease

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

67
Q

Deposit of uric acid crystals at the big toe

A

Gout

68
Q

Curvature of the spine (c-shaped)

* Instead of your spine being straight, it curves

A

Scoliosis

Health (12 decks)

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