Skill acquisition

Question 1

Characteristics of a skill

Answer 1

ACE FACE G

• Accurate
• Consistent
• Efficient
• Fluent
• Aesthetically pleasing
• Controlled
• Economic
• Goal-orientated

Question 2

Open skill

Answer 2

• Environment changes

- high amount decision making

Question 3

Closed skill

Answer 3

• environment conditions stable, enabling performer to repeat same moment pattern
• few decisions to make

Question 4

gross skill

Answer 4

• large muscle groups used to perform the skill

Question 5

Fine

Answer 5

• small muscles are used to perform a skill that requires precision

Question 6

self-paced

Answer 6

performer in control of speed and timing of skill

Question 7

Externally paced

Answer 7

must adapt as have no control over speed and timing of the skill. It is in the control of the sporting environment

Question 8

Highly organised

Answer 8

skill difficult to break down into subroutines

Has to be practiced with whole practice

Question 9

low organised

Answer 9

skill can be easily broken down into subroutines

Subroutines can be practiced in isolation

Question 10

simple

Answer 10

limited decision making

Question 11

complex

Answer 11

several decisions must be made

Question 12

discrete

Answer 12

skill has clear beginning and ending

Question 13

serial

Answer 13

number of discrete skills are performed together sequentially

Question 14

Continuous

Answer 14

skill has no clear beginning or ending
end of subroutine of one skill becomes beginning subroutine of next
movement is cyclical

Question 15

what is transfer of learning

Answer 15

effect of the learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another skill

Question 16

positive transfer

Answer 16

learning a skill facilitates the learning of an additional skill

Question 17

negative transfer

Answer 17

learning a skill inhibits the learning of another

Question 18

zero transfer

Answer 18

no similarities between tasks, no effect on either skill

Question 19

Bilateral

Answer 19

learning and performing a skill on one side of body is then transferred to the opposite side

Question 20

ensuring positive transfer

Answer 20

• overlearn first skill before introducing second
• practice environment as close to game situation
• give positive reinforcement
• avoid teaching skills close together that might appear same but have distinct difference

Question 21

Methods of presenting practice

Answer 21

whole
whole-part whole
progressive part practice

Question 22

whole practice

Answer 22

skill presented in its entirety and not broken down into subroutines

Question 23

when to use whole practice

Answer 23

skill is :
highly organised
continuous
simple
discrete
fast
not dangerous

performer is:
autonomous

Question 24

advantages of whole practice

Answer 24

kinaesthesia developed
fluency between subroutines maintained
not time consuming
creates clear mental image
easily transferred into full game
aids understanding

Question 25

disadvantages whole practice

Answer 25

not ideal for cognitive performers
information overload and fatigue
must be physically capable of producing full skill