Skills 2

Question 1

1. Differentiate between the body’s normal defenses against

Infection.

Answer 1

• First line: skin and mucous membranes, flora in GI tract

- Second line: inflammatory response and immune response

Question 2

2. Explain the chain of infection.

Answer 2

Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission, portals of entry, susceptible host

Question 3

3. Analyze possible causes of healthcare-associated infections.

Answer 3

• lack of surgical or medical asepsis
• UTI’s from improper use of catheters (CAUTI)
• surgical site infection (SSI)
• central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
• ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)

Question 4

4. Explain factors that increase a person’s susceptibility to
   Infections.

Answer 4

• weakened immune systems

- neutropenic precautions

Question 5

5. Explain methods to control/reduce reservoirs of infection.

Answer 5

Proper PPE and hand hygiene

Question 6

-standard precautions:

Answer 6

used for all patients and applies to all body secretions besides sweat. Hand hygiene, wear gloves when in contact with body fluids, wear PPE, avoid recapping needles, follow respiratory hygiene, use safe injection practices, wear face mask when placing catheter/injecting in spinal epidural space.

Question 7

-Transmission based

Answer 7

additional precautions (airborne, droplet, or contact)

Question 8

8. Distinguish between the indication for medical and surgical
   Asepsis.

Answer 8

• Surgical asepsis: operating room, labor and delivery areas, urinary catheter, sterile dressing changes,
• Medical asepsis: used within and outside health facilities. Every nursing activity includes medical asepsis.