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Anatomy 32 > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What is Dermatology?

A

The study and treatment of the integumentary system:
Skin, hair, nails, and cutaneous glands

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin?

A

Epidermis: Epithelium of the skin
Dermis: Connective Tissue of the skin
Hypodermis: connective tissue just underneath the skin

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3
Q

Thick Skin

A

Plams of hands, front of fingers, soles of feet, bottom of toes
- Hairless
- DOES sweat
- adaptive for high friction

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4
Q

Thin Skin

A
  • Covers most of the body
  • Hairy, has both sebaceous oil glands and sweat glands
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5
Q

Epidermis

A
  • Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
  • Avascular
  • Sparse Nerve Endings
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6
Q

Name the 2 layers of the Dermis

A

Papillary Layer
- superifical, thin layer
- Aerolar Tissue
- Rich in blood vessels

Reticular Layer
- Deep, thick layer
- Dense, Irregular connective tissue
- Stretch marks

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7
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • Not a true layer of skin
  • located below the dermis
  • Contains adipose (fat) and aerolar tissue
    Functions:
  • energy storage
  • Thermal insultation
  • connection to deeper tissue
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8
Q

Cells of the Epidermis

Cells of the Epidermis

A

Keratinocytes
Stem Cells
Melanocytes
Tactile Cells
Dendritic Cells

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9
Q

Cells of the Epidermis

Keratinocytes

A

Hard, waterproof protein cells

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10
Q

Cells of the Epidermis

Stem Cells in Epidermis

A

Produce keratinocytes
Found in stratum basale (deepest layer of epidermis)
Source of mitosis

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11
Q

Cells of the Epidermis

Melanocytes

A

Produce Melanin
- skin pigment
- Found in stratum basale (deepest layer of epidermis)

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12
Q

Cells of the Epidermis

Tactile (Merkel) Cells

A

Touch receptors that join with nerves
Found in stratum basale

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13
Q

Dendritic (Langerhans Cells)

A

Immune Surveilance
Found in stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum (two middle layers of epidermis)

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14
Q

Layers of the Epidermis

A

Most superficial to deepest: (CLGSB)
- Stratum Corneum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Basale

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15
Q

Stratification of the Skin and Hypodermis

Stratum Corneum

A

Dead, Keratinized cells of the skin surface (1st layer of Epidermis)

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16
Q

Stratification of the Skin and Hypodermis

Stratum Lucideum

A

Clear, featureless zone seen in only thick skin (2nd layer of Epidermis)

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17
Q

Stratification of the Skin and Hypodermis

Stratum Granulosum

A

2 to 5 layers of cells of dark-staining keratohyalin (3rd layer of Epidermis)

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18
Q

Stratification of the Skin and Hypodermis

Stratum Spinosum

A

Many layers of keratinocytes (4th layer of Epidermis)

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19
Q

Stratification of the Skin and Hypodermis

Stratum Basale

A

Single layer of cells on basement membrane, site of mitosis (5th layer of Epidermis, last layer)

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20
Q

Stratification of the Skin and Hypodermis

Dermis

A

Fibrous connective tissue, mixed with blood vessels and nerve endings
Has sweat glands and hair follicles

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21
Q

Melanin

A

Melanin is produced by melanocytes
Eumelanin: brownish black
Pheomelanin: reddish yellow

22
Q

Hemogoblin

A

red pigment in blood

23
Q

Diagnostic Skin Colors

Cyanosis

A

Blueness
Lack of oxygen

24
Q

Diagnostic Skin Colors

Erythemia

A

Redness
Increased blood flow
Ex. stress or embarrassment

25
Q

Diagnostic Skin Colors

Pallor

A

Pale or ashen
Reduced Blood flow

26
Q

Albinism

A

White
Genetic lack of melanin

27
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow
Liver cannot breakdown bilirubin (breakdown by product of hemoglobin)

28
Q

Hematoma

A

Bruise (slight purple)

29
Q

Hair

A

Accessory organ of skin (ex. nails, skin glands)
Filament of keratinized cells
Grows from a tube called a hair follicle

30
Q

Downy Hair

A

Hair grown on a fetus
- Fine, unpigmented hair

31
Q

Vellus Hair

A
  • Fine, unpigmented
  • 2/3 of hair on women
  • 1/10 of hair on men
    All hair of children except eyelashes, eyebrows, and scalp
32
Q

Terminal Hair

A

-Course, pigmented hair
-Eyebrows, eyelashes, and scalp

After puberty:
Axillary hair
Pubic
Male facial hair
Some hair on trunk and limbs

33
Q

Functions of Hair

What is the purpose of hair on limbs and torso?

A

Serves a sensory purpose in detection
(ex. small insects crawling on skin)

34
Q

Functions of Hair

Scalp Hair

A

Heat retention, protection from sun

35
Q

Functions of Hair

Beard, Axillary, and Pubic Hair

A

Shows sexual maturity from puberty

36
Q

Functions of Hair

Guard hairs

A

Help keep foriegn objects out of nostrils and auditory canal, eyelashes keep debris away from eyes

37
Q

Functions of Hair

Eyebrows

A

Enhance facial expression

38
Q

Three zones along length of hair

A

(BRS)
Blub
- where hair orginates from dermis
- Hair matrix (hair growth center from mitosis)

Root
- remainder of hair within follicle
- dead tissue

Shaft
- Portion above the skin
- Dead tissue

39
Q

3 Layers to a hair

A

Medulla
- Internal layer

Cortex
- Bulk of hair

Cuticle
- Outer layer

40
Q

Anatomy of a fingernail

A

Nail plate
- Free edge
- Nail body
- Nail root

Nail fold
-Nail groove

Nail bed
-Nail matrix (Source of nail growth)
- Eponychium

41
Q

Name the 3 Cutaneous Glands

A

Eccrine Gland
Apocrine Gland
Sebaceous Gland

42
Q

Sweat Glands

Apocrine Glands

A
  • Produce sweat with many fatty acids
  • Develop in puberty
  • responds to stimuli
  • Ducts open into hair follicle
43
Q

Sweat Glands

Eccrine Glands

A
  • Numerous, widespread, glands
  • Found on palms, soles, and forehead
  • Simple ducts that are pores on skin surface
44
Q

Sweat Glands

Sebaceous Glands

A
  • Holocrine secretion
  • Keep skin and hair from becoming brittle due to OIL secretion
45
Q

Ceruminous Glands

A
  • Found in auditory Canal
  • waterproofs canal, kills bacteria, and coats guard hairs
46
Q

Mammary Glands

A
  • produce milk
  • modifed Apocrine gland
47
Q

What causes Skin Cancer?

A

By UV rays
From natural sunlight and tanning beds

48
Q

Skin Cancer

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Most common
Least dangerous, hardly spreads
Arises from Stratum Basale and invades Dermis

49
Q

Skin Cancer

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
Can spread to lymph nodes
Can be lethal

50
Q

Melanoma

A

Most deadly, but in 5% of cases
Arises from melanocyte of existing mole
Spreads quickly, often fatal if not treated right away

Anatomy 32 (20 decks)

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