Skin Flashcards by Daniel Lim

Q

What is Dermatology?

A

The study and treatment of the integumentary system:
Skin, hair, nails, and cutaneous glands

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Q

What are the 3 layers of skin?

A

Epidermis: Epithelium of the skin
Dermis: Connective Tissue of the skin
Hypodermis: connective tissue just underneath the skin

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Q

Thick Skin

A

Plams of hands, front of fingers, soles of feet, bottom of toes
- Hairless
- DOES sweat
- adaptive for high friction

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Q

Thin Skin

A

Covers most of the body
Hairy, has both sebaceous oil glands and sweat glands

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Q

Epidermis

A

Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Avascular
Sparse Nerve Endings

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Q

Name the 2 layers of the Dermis

A

Papillary Layer
- superifical, thin layer
- Aerolar Tissue
- Rich in blood vessels

Reticular Layer
- Deep, thick layer
- Dense, Irregular connective tissue
- Stretch marks

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Q

Hypodermis

A

Not a true layer of skin
located below the dermis
Contains adipose (fat) and aerolar tissue
Functions:
energy storage
Thermal insultation
connection to deeper tissue

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Q

Cells of the Epidermis

Cells of the Epidermis

A

Keratinocytes
Stem Cells
Melanocytes
Tactile Cells
Dendritic Cells

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Q

Cells of the Epidermis

Keratinocytes

A

Hard, waterproof protein cells

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Q

Cells of the Epidermis

Stem Cells in Epidermis

A

Produce keratinocytes
Found in stratum basale (deepest layer of epidermis)
Source of mitosis

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Q

Cells of the Epidermis

Melanocytes

A

Produce Melanin
- skin pigment
- Found in stratum basale (deepest layer of epidermis)

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Q

Cells of the Epidermis

Tactile (Merkel) Cells

A

Touch receptors that join with nerves
Found in stratum basale

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Q

Dendritic (Langerhans Cells)

A

Immune Surveilance
Found in stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum (two middle layers of epidermis)

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Q

Layers of the Epidermis

A

Most superficial to deepest: (CLGSB)
- Stratum Corneum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Basale

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Q

Stratification of the Skin and Hypodermis

Stratum Corneum

A

Dead, Keratinized cells of the skin surface (1st layer of Epidermis)

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Q

Stratification of the Skin and Hypodermis

Stratum Lucideum

A

Clear, featureless zone seen in only thick skin (2nd layer of Epidermis)

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Q

Stratification of the Skin and Hypodermis

Stratum Granulosum

A

2 to 5 layers of cells of dark-staining keratohyalin (3rd layer of Epidermis)

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Q

Stratification of the Skin and Hypodermis

Stratum Spinosum

A

Many layers of keratinocytes (4th layer of Epidermis)

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Q

Stratification of the Skin and Hypodermis

Stratum Basale

A

Single layer of cells on basement membrane, site of mitosis (5th layer of Epidermis, last layer)

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Q

Stratification of the Skin and Hypodermis

Dermis

A

Fibrous connective tissue, mixed with blood vessels and nerve endings
Has sweat glands and hair follicles

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Q

Melanin

Study These Flashcards

A

Melanin is produced by melanocytes
Eumelanin: brownish black
Pheomelanin: reddish yellow

Q

Hemogoblin

Study These Flashcards

A

red pigment in blood

Q

Diagnostic Skin Colors

Cyanosis

Study These Flashcards

A

Blueness
Lack of oxygen

Q

Diagnostic Skin Colors

Erythemia

Study These Flashcards

A

Redness
Increased blood flow
Ex. stress or embarrassment

# Diagnostic Skin Colors Pallor

Pale or ashen Reduced Blood flow

Albinism

White Genetic lack of melanin

Jaundice

Yellow Liver cannot breakdown bilirubin (breakdown by product of hemoglobin)

Hematoma

Bruise (slight purple)

Hair

Accessory organ of skin (ex. nails, skin glands) Filament of keratinized cells Grows from a tube called a hair follicle

Downy Hair

Hair grown on a fetus - Fine, unpigmented hair

Vellus Hair

- Fine, unpigmented - 2/3 of hair on women - 1/10 of hair on men All hair of children except eyelashes, eyebrows, and scalp

Terminal Hair

-Course, pigmented hair -Eyebrows, eyelashes, and scalp After puberty: Axillary hair Pubic Male facial hair Some hair on trunk and limbs

# Functions of Hair What is the purpose of hair on limbs and torso?

Serves a sensory purpose in detection (ex. small insects crawling on skin)

# Functions of Hair Scalp Hair

Heat retention, protection from sun

# Functions of Hair Beard, Axillary, and Pubic Hair

Shows sexual maturity from puberty

# Functions of Hair Guard hairs

Help keep foriegn objects out of nostrils and auditory canal, eyelashes keep debris away from eyes

# Functions of Hair Eyebrows

Enhance facial expression

Three zones along length of hair

(BRS) Blub - where hair orginates from dermis - Hair matrix (hair growth center from mitosis) Root - remainder of hair within follicle - dead tissue Shaft - Portion above the skin - Dead tissue

3 Layers to a hair

Medulla - Internal layer Cortex - Bulk of hair Cuticle - Outer layer

Anatomy of a fingernail

Nail plate - Free edge - Nail body - Nail root Nail fold -Nail groove Nail bed -Nail matrix (Source of nail growth) - Eponychium

Name the 3 Cutaneous Glands

Eccrine Gland Apocrine Gland Sebaceous Gland

# Sweat Glands Apocrine Glands

- Produce sweat with many fatty acids - Develop in puberty - responds to stimuli - Ducts open into hair follicle

# Sweat Glands Eccrine Glands

- Numerous, widespread, glands - Found on palms, soles, and forehead - Simple ducts that are pores on skin surface

# Sweat Glands Sebaceous Glands

- Holocrine secretion - Keep skin and hair from becoming brittle due to OIL secretion

Ceruminous Glands

- Found in auditory Canal - waterproofs canal, kills bacteria, and coats guard hairs

Mammary Glands

- produce milk - modifed Apocrine gland

What causes Skin Cancer?

By UV rays From natural sunlight and tanning beds

# Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma

Most common Least dangerous, hardly spreads Arises from Stratum Basale and invades Dermis

# Skin Cancer Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum Can spread to lymph nodes Can be lethal

Melanoma

Most deadly, but in 5% of cases Arises from melanocyte of existing mole Spreads quickly, often fatal if not treated right away